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Molecular and Cellular Biology, December 2003, p. 8773-8785, Vol. 23, No. 23
0270-7306/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.23.8773-8785.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Murine G+C-Rich Promoter Binding Protein mGPBP Is Required for Promoter-Specific Transcription

Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607,¹ Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105,² MUNIN Corporation, Chicago, Illinois 60612³

Received 22 April 2003/ Returned for modification 16 June 2003/ Accepted 21 August 2003

The archetypal TATA-box deficient G+C-rich promoter of the murine adenosine deaminase gene (Ada) requires a 48-bp minimal self-sufficient promoter element (MSPE) for function. This MSPE was used to isolate a novel full-length cDNA clone that encodes a 66-kDa murine G+C-rich promoter binding protein (mGPBP). The mGPBP mRNAs are ubiquitously expressed as either 3.0- or 3.5-kb forms differing in 3' polyadenylation site usage. Purified recombinant mGPBP, in the absence of any other mammalian cofactors, binds specifically to both the murine Ada gene promoter's MSPE and the nonhomologous human Topo II gene's G+C-rich promoter. In situ binding assays, immunoprecipitation, and Western blot analyses demonstrated that mGPBP is a nuclear factor that can form complexes with TATA-binding protein, TFIIB, TFIIF, RNA polymerase II, and P300/CBP both in vitro and in intact cells. In cotransfection assays, increased mGPBP expression transactivated the murine Ada gene's promoter. Sequestering of GPBP present in HeLa cell nuclear extract by immunoabsorption completely and reversibly suppressed extract-dependent in vitro transcription from the murine Ada gene's G+C-rich promoter. However, transcription from the human Topo II gene's TATA box-containing G+C-rich promoter was only partially suppressed and the adenovirus major late gene's classical TATA box-dependent promoter is totally unaffected under identical assay conditions. These results implicate GPBP as a requisite G+C-rich promoter-specific transcription factor and provide a mechanistic basis for distinguishing transcription initiated at a TATA box-deficient G+C-rich promoter from that initiated at a TATA box-dependent promoter.

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