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Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2004, p. 4321-4328, Vol. 24, No. 10
0270-7306/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.10.4321-4328.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Network of Dynamic Interactions between Histone H1 and High-Mobility-Group Proteins in Chromatin

Frédéric Catez,1 Huan Yang,2 Kevin J. Tracey,2 Raymond Reeves,3 Tom Misteli,1 and Michael Bustin1*

National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,1 Laboratory of Biomedical Science, North Shore-LIJ Research Institute, Manhasset, New York 11030,2 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-46603

Received 18 November 2003/ Returned for modification 2 January 2004/ Accepted 9 February 2004

Histone H1 and the high-mobility group (HMG) proteins are chromatin binding proteins that regulate gene expression by modulating the compactness of the chromatin fiber and affecting the ability of regulatory factors to access their nucleosomal targets. Histone H1 stabilizes the higher-order chromatin structure and decreases nucleosomal access, while the HMG proteins decrease the compactness of the chromatin fiber and enhance the accessibility of chromatin targets to regulatory factors. Here we show that in living cells, each of the three families of HMG proteins weakens the binding of H1 to nucleosomes by dynamically competing for chromatin binding sites. The HMG families weaken H1 binding synergistically and do not compete among each other, suggesting that they affect distinct H1 binding sites. We suggest that a network of dynamic and competitive interactions involving HMG proteins and H1, and perhaps other structural proteins, constantly modulates nucleosome accessibility and the local structure of the chromatin fiber.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Bldg. 37, Room 3122B, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone: (301) 496-5234. Fax: (301) 496-8419. E-mail: bustin{at}helix.nih.gov.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2004, p. 4321-4328, Vol. 24, No. 10
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.10.4321-4328.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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