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Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2004, p. 4546-4556, Vol. 24, No. 10
0270-7306/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.10.4546-4556.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

E2F-Dependent Histone Acetylation and Recruitment of the Tip60 Acetyltransferase Complex to Chromatin in Late G1

Stefan Taubert,1,{dagger} Chiara Gorrini,2 Scott R. Frank,1,{ddagger} Tiziana Parisi,1,§ Miriam Fuchs,3,¶ Ho-Man Chan,3 David M. Livingston,3 and Bruno Amati1,2*

DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, California 94304,1 Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20141 Milan, Italy,2 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 021153

Received 17 January 2004/ Returned for modification 15 February 2004/ Accepted 20 February 2004

E2F proteins can either activate or repress transcription. Following mitogenic stimulation, repressive E2F4-p130-histone deacetylase complexes dissociate from, while activating species (E2F1, -2, and -3) associate with, target promoters. Histones H3 and H4 simultaneously become hyperacetylated, but it remains unclear whether this is a prerequisite or a consequence of E2F binding. Here, we show that activating E2F species are required for hyperacetylation of target chromatin in human cells. Overexpression of a dominant-negative (DN) E2F1 mutant in serum-stimulated T98G cells blocked all E2F binding, H4 acetylation, and, albeit partially, H3 acetylation. Target gene activation and S-phase entry were also blocked by DN E2F1. Conversely, ectopic activation of E2F1 rapidly induced H3 and H4 acetylation, demonstrating a direct role for E2F in these events. E2F1 was previously shown to bind the histone acetyltransferases (HATs) p300/CBP and PCAF/GCN5. In our hands, ectopically expressed E2F1 also bound the unrelated HAT Tip60 and induced recruitment of five subunits of the Tip60 complex (Tip60, TRRAP, p400, Tip48, and Tip49) to target promoters in vivo. Moreover, E2F-dependent recruitment of Tip60 to chromatin occurred in late G1 following serum stimulation. We speculate that the activities of multiple HAT complexes account for E2F-dependent acetylation, transcription, and S-phase entry.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy. Phone: 39 02 57 489 824. Fax: 39 02 57 489 851. E-mail: bruno.amati{at}ieo-research.it.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.

{ddagger} Present address: Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Watertown, MA 02472.

§ Present address: Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139

Present address: Europroteome AG, D-16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2004, p. 4546-4556, Vol. 24, No. 10
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.10.4546-4556.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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