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Telomere-Associated Protein TIN2 Is Essential for Early Embryonic Development through a Telomerase-Independent Pathway

Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute,¹ National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,⁴ Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,² Center for Cancer Research, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702³

Received 19 February 2004/ Returned for modification 1 May 2004/ Accepted 11 May 2004

TIN2 is a negative regulator of telomere elongation that interacts with telomeric DNA repeat binding factor 1 (TRF1) and affects telomere length by a telomerase-dependent mechanism. Here we show that inactivation of the mouse TRF1-interacting protein 2 (TIN2) gene results in early embryonic lethality. We further observed that the embryonic lethality of TIN2 mutant mice was not affected by inactivation of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene, indicating that embryonic lethality is not the result of telomerase-dependent changes in telomere length or function. Our findings suggest that TIN2 has a role independent of telomere length regulation that is essential for embryonic development and cell viability.

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