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Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 2004, p. 8374-8385, Vol. 24, No. 19
0270-7306/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.19.8374-8385.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Protein Kinases C and D Mediate Agonist-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy through Nuclear Export of Histone Deacetylase 5

Rick B. Vega,1 Brooke C. Harrison,2 Eric Meadows,1 Charles R. Roberts,2 Philip J. Papst,2 Eric N. Olson,1* and Timothy A. McKinsey2*

Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,1 Myogen, Inc., Westminster, Colorado2

Received 17 May 2004/ Returned for modification 9 June 2004/ Accepted 6 July 2004

A variety of stress signals stimulate cardiac myocytes to undergo hypertrophy. Persistent cardiac hypertrophy is associated with elevated risk for the development of heart failure. Recently, we showed that class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) suppress cardiac hypertrophy and that stress signals neutralize this repressive function by triggering phosphorylation- and CRM1-dependent nuclear export of these chromatin-modifying enzymes. However, the identities of cardiac HDAC kinases have remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that signaling by protein kinase C (PKC) is sufficient and, in some cases, necessary to drive nuclear export of class II HDAC5 in cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of PKC prevents nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of HDAC5 in response to a subset of hypertrophic agonists. Moreover, a nonphosphorylatable HDAC5 mutant is refractory to PKC signaling and blocks cardiomyocyte hypertrophy mediated by pharmacological activators of PKC. We also demonstrate that protein kinase D (PKD), a downstream effector of PKC, directly phosphorylates HDAC5 and stimulates its nuclear export. These findings reveal a novel function for the PKC/PKD axis in coupling extracellular cues to chromatin modifications that control cellular growth, and they suggest potential utility for small-molecule inhibitors of this pathway in the treatment of pathological cardiac gene expression.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address for Eric N. Olson: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9148. Phone: (214) 648-1187. Fax: (214) 648-1196. E-mail: eric.olson{at}utsouthwestern.edu. Mailing address for Timothy A. McKinsey: Myogen, Inc., 7575 W. 103rd Ave., Westminster, CO 80021-5426. Phone: (303) 533-1736. Fax: (303) 410-6669. E-mail: timothy.mckinsey{at}myogen.com.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 2004, p. 8374-8385, Vol. 24, No. 19
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.19.8374-8385.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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