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Molecular and Cellular Biology, March 2004, p. 2000-2011, Vol. 24, No. 5
0270-7306/04/$08.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.5.2000-2011.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Casein Kinase I
Modulates the Signaling Specificities of Dishevelled
Feng Cong,* Liang Schweizer, and Harold Varmus
Program in Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021
Received 1 July 2003/
Returned for modification 1 August 2003/
Accepted 25 November 2003
Wnt signaling is critical to many aspects of development, and aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway can cause cancer. Dishevelled (Dvl) protein plays a central role in this pathway by transducing the signal from the Wnt receptor complex to the ß-catenin destruction complex. Dvl also plays a pivotal role in the planar cell polarity pathway that involves the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). How functions of Dvl are regulated in these two distinct pathways is not clear. We show that deleting the C-terminal two-thirds of Dvl, which includes the PDZ and DEP domains and is essential for Dvl-induced JNK activation, rendered the molecule a much more potent activator of the ß-catenin pathway. We also found that casein kinase I
(CKI
), a previously identified positive regulator of Wnt signaling, stimulated Dvl activity in the Wnt pathway, but dramatically inhibited Dvl activity in the JNK pathway. Consistent with this, overexpression of CKI
in Drosophila melanogaster stimulated Wnt signaling and disrupted planar cell polarity. We also observed a correlation between the localization and the signaling activity of Dvl in the ß-catenin pathway and the JNK pathway. Furthermore, by using RNA interference, we demonstrate that the Drosophila CKI
homologue Double time positively regulates the ß-catenin pathway through Dvl and negatively regulates the Dvl-induced JNK pathway. We suggest that CKI
functions as a molecular switch to direct Dvl from the JNK pathway to the ß-catenin pathway, possibly by altering the conformation of the C terminus of Dvl.
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 430 East 67th St., RRL 711, New York, NY 10021. Phone: (212) 639-7317. Fax: (212) 717-3125. E-mail:
congf{at}mskcc.org.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, March 2004, p. 2000-2011, Vol. 24, No. 5
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.5.2000-2011.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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