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Molecular and Cellular Biology, March 2004, p. 2153-2168, Vol. 24, No. 5
0270-7306/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.5.2153-2168.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Direct Interaction between Nucleosome Assembly Protein 1 and the Papillomavirus E2 Proteins Involved in Activation of Transcription

Manuela Rehtanz, Hanns-Martin Schmidt,{dagger} Ursula Warthorst, and Gertrud Steger*

Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany

Received 5 November 2003/ Accepted 9 December 2003

Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified human nucleosome assembly protein 1 (hNAP-1) as a protein interacting with the activation domain of the transcriptional activator encoded by papillomaviruses (PVs), the E2 protein. We show that the interaction between E2 and hNAP-1 is direct and not merely mediated by the transcriptional coactivator p300, which is bound by both proteins. Coexpression of hNAP-1 strongly enhances activation by E2, indicating a functional interaction as well. E2 binds to at least two separate domains within hNAP-1, one within the C terminus and an internal domain. The binding of E2 to hNAP-1 is necessary for cooperativity between the factors. Moreover, the N-terminal 91 amino acids are crucial for the transcriptional activity of hNAP-1, since deletion mutants lacking this N-terminal portion fail to cooperate with E2. We provide evidence that hNAP-1, E2, and p300 can form a ternary complex efficient in the activation of transcription. We also show that p53 directly interacts with hNAP-1, indicating that transcriptional activators in addition to PV E2 interact with hNAP-1. These results suggest that the binding of sequence-specific DNA binding proteins to hNAP-1 may be an important step contributing to the activation of transcription.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Fürst-Pückler-Str. 56, 50935 Cologne, Germany. Phone: 49-221-478-3926. Fax: 49-221-478-3902. E-mail: Gertrud.Steger{at}uni-koeln.de.

{dagger} Present address: Amaxa GmbH, 50829 Cologne, Germany.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, March 2004, p. 2153-2168, Vol. 24, No. 5
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.5.2153-2168.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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