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Molecular and Cellular Biology, June 2005, p. 4792-4803, Vol. 25, No. 11
0270-7306/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.25.11.4792-4803.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Noncatalytic Amino Terminus of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase 1 Directs Nuclear Targeting and Serum Response Element Transcriptional Regulation{dagger}

J. Julie Wu,{ddagger} Lei Zhang,{ddagger} and Anton M. Bennett*

Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520

Received 5 August 2004/ Returned for modification 2 September 2004/ Accepted 1 March 2005

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) is an immediate-early gene comprised of a dual-specificity phosphatase domain and a noncatalytic NH2 terminus. Here, we show that the NH2 terminus of MKP-1, containing the cdc25 homology domains A (CH2A) and B (CH2B), mediates MKP-1 nuclear targeting and modulates MAPK-mediated gene expression. An LXXLL motif which is known to mediate protein-protein interactions with nuclear-targeted hormone receptors was identified proximal to the CH2A domain of MKP-1. The NH2 terminus alone of MKP-1 containing this LXXLL motif was sufficient to direct nuclear targeting, and mutating this motif to LXXAA resulted in the exclusion of MKP-1 from the nucleus. We found that the LXXLL motif proximal to the CH2A domain was present in other nuclear-localized MKPs but was absent in MKPs that localized to the cytoplasm. These data suggest that this LXXLL motif confers nuclear targeting properties to the MKPs. The NH2 terminus of MKP-1 was also found to inhibit the activation of the serum response element (SRE) by preventing MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of the regulatory serine 383 residue on Elk-1. Moreover, we show that MKP-1 plays a major role in the attenuation of serum-induced SRE activity, since MKP-1 null fibroblasts exhibited enhanced SRE activity in response to serum compared with wild-type fibroblasts. The NH2 terminus of MKP-1, when reconstituted into MKP-1 null fibroblasts to levels similar to endogenous MKP-1 following serum stimulation, reduced serum-mediated SRE activity. Collectively, these data reveal novel roles for the NH2 terminus of MKP-1 in nuclear targeting and transcriptional regulation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, SHM B226D, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8066. Phone: (203) 737-2441. Fax: (203) 737-2378. E-mail: anton.bennett{at}yale.edu.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://mcb.asm.org/.

{ddagger} J.J.W. and L.Z. contributed equally.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, June 2005, p. 4792-4803, Vol. 25, No. 11
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.25.11.4792-4803.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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