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Molecular and Cellular Biology, August 2005, p. 7270-7277, Vol. 25, No. 16
0270-7306/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.25.16.7270-7277.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Mice Deficient in APOBEC2 and APOBEC3

Marie C. Mikl,1 Ian N. Watt,1 Mason Lu,1 Wolf Reik,2 Sarah L. Davies,1 Michael S. Neuberger,1* and Cristina Rada1

Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, United Kingdom,1 The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, United Kingdom2

Received 4 May 2005/ Accepted 12 May 2005

The activation-induced deaminase/apolipoprotein B-editing catalytic subunit 1 (AID/APOBEC) family comprises four groups of proteins. Both AID, a lymphoid-specific DNA deaminase that triggers antibody diversification, and APOBEC2 (function unknown) are found in all vertebrates examined. In contrast, APOBEC1, an RNA-editing enzyme in gastrointestinal cells, and APOBEC3 are restricted to mammals. The function of most APOBEC3s, of which there are seven in human but one in mouse, is unknown, although several human APOBEC3s act as host restriction factors that deaminate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication intermediates. A more primitive function of APOBEC3s in protecting against the transposition of endogenous retroelements has, however, been proposed. Here, we focus on mouse APOBEC2 (a muscle-specific protein for which we find no evidence of a deaminating activity on cytidine whether as a free nucleotide or in DNA) and mouse APOBEC3 (a DNA deaminase which we find widely expressed but most abundant in lymphoid tissue). Gene-targeting experiments reveal that both APOBEC2 (despite being an ancestral member of the family with no obvious redundancy in muscle) and APOBEC3 (despite its proposed role in restricting endogenous retrotransposition) are inessential for mouse development, survival, or fertility.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of PNAC, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, United Kingdom. Phone: (44) 1223 402240. Fax: (44) 1223 412178. E-mail: msn{at}mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, August 2005, p. 7270-7277, Vol. 25, No. 16
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.25.16.7270-7277.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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