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Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 2005, p. 10148-10158, Vol. 25, No. 22
0270-7306/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.25.22.10148-10158.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation-Based Screen To Identify Functional Genomic Binding Sites for Sequence-Specific Transactivators{dagger}

Jamie M. Hearnes, Deborah J. Mays, Kristy L. Schavolt, Luojia Tang, Xin Jiang, and Jennifer A. Pietenpol*

Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232

Received 13 April 2005/ Returned for modification 6 June 2005/ Accepted 28 August 2005

In various human diseases, altered gene expression patterns are often the result of deregulated gene-specific transcription factor activity. To further understand disease on a molecular basis, the comprehensive analysis of transcription factor signaling networks is required. We developed an experimental approach, combining chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with a yeast-based assay, to screen the genome for transcription factor binding sites that link to transcriptionally regulated target genes. We used the tumor suppressor p53 to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Using primary and immortalized, nontransformed cultures of human mammary epithelial cells, we isolated over 100 genomic DNA fragments that contain novel p53 binding sites. This approach led to the identification and validation of novel p53 target genes involved in diverse signaling pathways, including growth factor signaling, protein kinase/phosphatase signaling, and RNA binding. Our results yield a more complete understanding of p53-regulated signaling pathways, and this approach could be applied to any number of transcription factors to further elucidate complex transcriptional networks.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 652 Preston Research Building, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6838. Phone: (615) 936-1512. Fax: (615) 936-1790. E-mail: j.pietenpol{at}vanderbilt.edu.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://mcb.asm.org/.


Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 2005, p. 10148-10158, Vol. 25, No. 22
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.25.22.10148-10158.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.




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