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Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2006, p. 3942-3954, Vol. 26, No. 10
0270-7306/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.26.10.3942-3954.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Functional Interaction of CP2 with GATA-1 in the Regulation of Erythroid Promoters

Francesca Bosè,1,{dagger} Cristina Fugazza,1,{dagger} Maura Casalgrandi,1 Alessia Capelli,1 John M. Cunningham,2 Quan Zhao,3 Stephen M. Jane,3 Sergio Ottolenghi,1 and Antonella Ronchi1*

Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy,1 Department of Experimental Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38101,2 Bone Marrow Research Laboratories, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria 3050, Australia3

Received 3 February 2006/ Accepted 25 February 2006

We observed that binding sites for the ubiquitously expressed transcription factor CP2 were present in regulatory regions of multiple erythroid genes. In these regions, the CP2 binding site was adjacent to a site for the erythroid factor GATA-1. Using three such regulatory regions (from genes encoding the transcription factors GATA-1, EKLF, and p45 NF-E2), we demonstrated the functional importance of the adjacent CP2/GATA-1 sites. In particular, CP2 binds to the GATA-1 HS2 enhancer, generating a ternary complex with GATA-1 and DNA. Mutations in the CP2 consensus greatly impaired HS2 activity in transient transfection assays with K562 cells. Similar results were obtained by transfection of EKLF and p45 NF-E2 mutant constructs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation with K562 cells showed that CP2 binds in vivo to all three regulatory elements and that both GATA-1 and CP2 were present on the same GATA-1 and EKLF regulatory elements. Adjacent CP2/GATA-1 sites may represent a novel module for erythroid expression of a number of genes. Additionally, coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments demonstrated a physical interaction between GATA-1 and CP2. This may contribute to the functional cooperation between these factors and provide an explanation for the important role of ubiquitous CP2 in the regulation of erythroid genes.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, P.za della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy. Phone: 39-02-6448-3337. Fax: 39-02-6448-3314. E-mail: antonella.ronchi{at}unimib.it.

{dagger} These authors contributed equally to this work.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2006, p. 3942-3954, Vol. 26, No. 10
0270-7306/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.26.10.3942-3954.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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