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Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 2006, p. 7492-7505, Vol. 26, No. 20
0270-7306/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.00349-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Two Isoforms of Drosophila TRF2 Are Involved in Embryonic Development, Premeiotic Chromatin Condensation, and Proper Differentiation of Germ Cells of Both Sexes

Daria V. Kopytova,1,{dagger} Aleksey N. Krasnov,1,2,{dagger} Marina R. Kopantceva,3 Elena N. Nabirochkina,1,2 Julia V. Nikolenko,1 Oksana Maksimenko,1 Maria M. Kurshakova,1 Lubov A. Lebedeva,1 Maksim M. Yerokhin,1 Olga B. Simonova,1 Leonid I. Korochkin,1 Laszlo Tora,4 Pavel G. Georgiev,1 and Sofia G. Georgieva1,2,3*

Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation,1 Centre for Medical Studies, University of Oslo, Moscow, Russian Federation,2 Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation,3 Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France4

Received 27 February 2006/ Returned for modification 16 March 2006/ Accepted 24 July 2006

The Drosophila TATA box-binding protein (TBP)-related factor 2 (TRF2 or TLF) was shown to control a subset of genes different from that controlled by TBP. Here, we have investigated the structure and functions of the trf2 gene. We demonstrate that it encodes two protein isoforms: the previously described 75-kDa TRF2 and a newly identified 175-kDa version in which the same sequence is preceded by a long N-terminal domain with coiled-coil motifs. Chromatography of Drosophila embryo extracts revealed that the long TRF2 is part of a multiprotein complex also containing ISWI. Both TRF2 forms are detected at the same sites on polytene chromosomes and have the same expression patterns, suggesting that they fulfill similar functions. A study of the manifestations of the trf2 mutation suggests an essential role of TRF2 during embryonic Drosophila development. The trf2 gene is strongly expressed in germ line cells of adult flies. High levels of TRF2 are found in nuclei of primary spermatocytes and trophocytes with intense transcription. In ovaries, TRF2 is present both in actively transcribing nurse cells and in the transcriptionally inactive oocyte nuclei. Moreover, TRF2 is essential for premeiotic chromatin condensation and proper differentiation of germ cells of both sexes.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 34/5, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation. Phone: 7 095 135 97 31. Fax: 7 095 135 41 05. E-mail: sonjag{at}molbiol.edu.ru.

{dagger} D.V.K. and A.N.K. made equal contributions to this work.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 2006, p. 7492-7505, Vol. 26, No. 20
0270-7306/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.00349-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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