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Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 2007, p. 5246-5259, Vol. 27, No. 14
0270-7306/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.00586-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Differential Regulation of NF-B by Elongation Factors Is Determined by Core Promoter Type

Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel,¹ Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan²

Received 3 April 2007/ Accepted 3 May 2007

NF-B transcription factors activate genes important for immune response, inflammation, and cell survival. P-TEFb and DSIF, which are positive and negative transcription elongation factors, respectively, both regulate NF-B-induced transcription, but the mechanism underlying their recruitment to NF-B target genes is unknown. We show here that upon induction of NF-B, a subset of target genes is regulated differentially by either P-TEFb or DSIF. The regulation of these genes and their occupancy by these elongation factors are dependent on the NF-B enhancer and the core promoter type. Converting a TATA-less promoter to a TATA promoter switches the regulation of NF-B from DSIF to P-TEFb. Accumulation or displacement of DSIF and P-TEFb is dictated by the formation of distinct initiation complexes (TFIID dependent or independent) on the two types of core promoter. The underlying mechanism for the dissociation of DSIF from TATA promoters upon NF-B activation involves the phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II by P-TEFb. The results highlight a regulatory link between the initiation and the elongation phases of the transcription reaction and broaden our comprehension of the NF-B pathway.

Published ahead of print on 14 May 2007.

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