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Molecular and Cellular Biology, August 2007, p. 5806-5818, Vol. 27, No. 16
0270-7306/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.02278-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Intra-S-Phase Checkpoint Affects both DNA Replication Initiation and Elongation: Single-Cell and -DNA Fiber Analyses{triangledown}

Jennifer A. Seiler, Chiara Conti, Ali Syed, Mirit I. Aladjem, and Yves Pommier*

Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892

Received 6 December 2006/ Returned for modification 12 February 2007/ Accepted 14 May 2007

To investigate the contribution of DNA replication initiation and elongation to the intra-S-phase checkpoint, we examined cells treated with the specific topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin. Camptothecin is a potent anticancer agent producing well-characterized replication-mediated DNA double-strand breaks through the collision of replication forks with topoisomerase I cleavage complexes. After a short dose of camptothecin in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells, DNA replication was inhibited rapidly and did not recover for several hours following drug removal. That inhibition occurred preferentially in late-S-phase, compared to early-S-phase, cells and was due to both an inhibition of initiation and elongation, as determined by pulse-labeling nucleotide incorporation in replication foci and DNA fibers. DNA replication was actively inhibited by checkpoint activation since 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01), the specific Chk1 inhibitor CHIR-124, or transfection with small interfering RNA targeting Chk1 restored both initiation and elongation. Abrogation of the checkpoint markedly enhanced camptothecin-induced DNA damage at replication sites where histone {gamma}-H2AX colocalized with replication foci. Together, our study demonstrates that the intra-S-phase checkpoint is exerted by Chk1 not only upon replication initiation but also upon DNA elongation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 37, Rm. 5068, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255. Phone: (301) 496-5944. Fax: (301) 402-0752. E-mail: pommier{at}nih.gov

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 21 May 2007.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, August 2007, p. 5806-5818, Vol. 27, No. 16
0270-7306/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.02278-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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