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Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 2007, p. 1309-1320, Vol. 27, No. 4
0270-7306/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.01520-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

p53-Dependent p21 mRNA Elongation Is Impaired when DNA Replication Is Stalled{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Melissa Mattia, Vanesa Gottifredi,{ddagger} Kristine McKinney,§ and Carol Prives*

Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027

Received 15 August 2006/ Returned for modification 5 October 2006/ Accepted 30 November 2006

We have previously reported that when DNA replication is blocked in some human cell lines, p53 is impaired in its ability to induce a subset of its key target genes, including p21WAF1/CIP1. Here, we investigated the reason for this impairment by comparing the effects of two agents, hydroxyurea (HU), which arrests cells in early S phase and impairs induction of p21, and daunorubicin, which causes a G2 block and leads to robust activation of p21 by p53. HU treatment was shown to inhibit p21 mRNA transcription rather than alter its mRNA stability. Nevertheless, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that HU impacts neither p53 binding nor acetylation of histones H3 and H4 within the p21 promoter. Furthermore, recruitment of the TFIID/TATA-binding protein complex and the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) are equivalent after HU and daunorubicin treatments. Relative to daunorubicin treatment, however, transcription elongation of the p21 gene is significantly impaired in cells treated with HU, as evidenced by reduced occupancy of RNA Pol II at regions downstream of the start site. Likewise, in the p21 downstream region after administration of HU, there is less of a specifically phosphorylated form of RNA Pol II (Pol II-C-terminal domain serine 2P) which occurs only when the polymerase is elongating RNA. We propose that while the DNA replication checkpoint is unlikely to regulate the assembly of a p21 promoter initiation complex, it signals to one or more factors involved in the process of transcriptional elongation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027. Phone: (212) 854-2557. Fax: (212) 865-8246. E-mail: clp3{at}columbia.edu.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 11 December 2006.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://mcb.asm.org/.

{ddagger} Present address: Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina.

§ Present address: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 2007, p. 1309-1320, Vol. 27, No. 4
0270-7306/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.01520-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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