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Molecular and Cellular Biology, April 2007, p. 2548-2561, Vol. 27, No. 7
0270-7306/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.00992-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Calpain 6 Is Involved in Microtubule Stabilization and Cytoskeletal Organization{triangledown},{dagger}

Kazuo Tonami,1 Yukiko Kurihara,1 Hiroyuki Aburatani,2 Yasunobu Uchijima,1 Tomoichiro Asano,3 and Hiroki Kurihara1*

Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan,1 Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan,2 Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan3

Received 5 June 2006/ Returned for modification 11 July 2006/ Accepted 21 December 2006

The calpains are a family of Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteases implicated in various biological processes. In this family, calpain 6 (Capn6) is unique in that it lacks the active-site cysteine residues requisite for protease activity. During the search for genes downstream of the endothelin 1 (ET-1) signaling in pharyngeal-arch development, we identified Capn6. After confirming that the expression of Capn6 in pharyngeal arches is downregulated in ET-1-null embryos by in situ hybridization, we investigated its function. In Capn6-transfected cells, cytokinesis was retarded and was often aborted to yield multinucleated cells. Capn6 overexpression also caused the formation of microtubule bundles rich in acetylated {alpha}-tubulin and resistant to the depolymerizing activity of nocodazole. Green fluorescent protein-Capn6 overexpression, immunostaining for endogenous Capn6, and biochemical analysis demonstrated interaction between Capn6 and microtubules, which appeared to be mainly mediated by domain III. Furthermore, RNA interference-mediated Capn6 inactivation caused microtubule instability with a loss of acetylated {alpha}-tubulin and induced actin reorganization, resulting in lamellipodium formation with membrane ruffling. Taken together, these results indicate that Capn6 is a microtubule-stabilizing protein expressed in embryonic tissues that may be involved in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and cytoskeletal organization.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Phone: 81-3-5841-3498. Fax: 81-3-5684-4958. E-mail: kuri-tky{at}umin.ac.jp.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://mcb.asm.org/.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, April 2007, p. 2548-2561, Vol. 27, No. 7
0270-7306/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.00992-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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