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Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2008, p. 3526-3537, Vol. 28, No. 10
0270-7306/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.01986-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Cell-Type-Specific Function of BCL9 Involves a Transcriptional Activation Domain That Synergizes with β-Catenin{triangledown}

Claudio Sustmann, Henrik Flach, Hanna Ebert, Quinn Eastman, and Rudolf Grosschedl*

Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 79108 Freiburg, Germany

Received 5 November 2007/ Returned for modification 18 December 2007/ Accepted 5 March 2008

Transcriptional regulation by the canonical Wnt pathway involves the stabilization and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, which assembles with LEF1/TCF transcription factors and cofactors to activate Wnt target genes. Recently, the nuclear β-catenin complex has been shown to contain BCL9, which interacts with β-catenin and recruits Pygopus as a transcriptional coactivator. However, the presumed general functions of Pygopus and BCL9, which has been proposed to act as a scaffolding protein for Pygopus, have been challenged by the rather specific and modest developmental defects of targeted inactivations of both the Pygo1 and the Pygo2 genes. Here, we analyze the function of BCL9 in transcriptional activation by β-catenin. We find that BCL9 acts in a cell-type-specific manner and, in part, independent of Pygopus. We show that BCL9 itself contains a transcriptional activation domain in the C terminus, which functionally synergizes in lymphoid cells with the C-terminal transactivation domain of β-catenin. Finally, we identify amino acids in the transactivation domain of β-catenin that are important for its function and association with the histone acetyltransferases CBP/p300 and TRRAP/GCN5. Thus, BCL9 may serve to modulate and diversify the transcriptional responses to Wnt signaling in a cell-type-specific manner.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 79108 Freiburg, Germany. Phone: 49-761-5108-711. Fax: 49-761-5108-799. E-mail: grosschedl{at}immunbio.mpg.de

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 17 March 2008.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2008, p. 3526-3537, Vol. 28, No. 10
0270-7306/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.01986-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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