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Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 2008, p. 6413-6425, Vol. 28, No. 20
0270-7306/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.01053-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

A Role for DEAD Box 1 at DNA Double-Strand Breaks{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Lei Li, Elizabeth A. Monckton, and Roseline Godbout*

Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada

Received 4 July 2008/ Returned for modification 28 July 2008/ Accepted 7 August 2008

DEAD box proteins are a family of putative RNA helicases associated with all aspects of cellular metabolism involving the modification of RNA secondary structure. DDX1 is a member of the DEAD box protein family that is overexpressed in a subset of retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma cell lines and tumors. DDX1 is found primarily in the nucleus, where it forms two to four large aggregates called DDX1 bodies. Here, we report a rapid redistribution of DDX1 in cells exposed to ionizing radiation, resulting in the formation of numerous foci that colocalize with {gamma}-H2AX and phosphorylated ATM foci at sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The formation of DDX1 ionizing-radiation-induced foci (IRIF) is dependent on ATM, which was shown to phosphorylate DDX1 both in vitro and in vivo. The treatment of cells with RNase H prevented the formation of DDX1 IRIF, suggesting that DDX1 is recruited to sites of DNA damage containing RNA-DNA structures. We have shown that DDX1 has RNase activity toward single-stranded RNA, as well as ADP-dependent RNA-DNA- and RNA-RNA-unwinding activities. We propose that DDX1 plays an RNA clearance role at DSB sites, thereby facilitating the template-guided repair of transcriptionally active regions of the genome.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada. Phone: (780) 432-8901. Fax: (780) 432-8892. E-mail: roseline{at}cancerboard.ab.ca

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 18 August 2008.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://mcb.asm.org/.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 2008, p. 6413-6425, Vol. 28, No. 20
0270-7306/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.01053-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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