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Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 2008, p. 1348-1360, Vol. 28, No. 4
0270-7306/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.01607-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Di- and Tri- but Not Monomethylation on Histone H3 Lysine 36 Marks Active Transcription of Genes Involved in Flowering Time Regulation and Other Processes in Arabidopsis thaliana{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Lin Xu,1 Zhong Zhao,1,{ddagger} Aiwu Dong,2 Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat,3 Jean-Pierre Renou,3 Andre Steinmetz,4 and Wen-Hui Shen1*

Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, 12 Rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cédex, France,1 Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China,2 URGV, UMR INRA 1165-CNRS 8114-UEVE, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, CP5708, 91057 Evry Cedex, France,3 CRP-Santé, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg4

Received 31 August 2007/ Returned for modification 11 October 2007/ Accepted 26 November 2007

Histone lysines can be mono-, di-, or trimethylated, providing an ample magnitude of epigenetic information for transcription regulation. In fungi, SET2 is the sole methyltransferase responsible for mono-, di-, and trimethylation of H3K36. Here we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, the degree of H3K36 methylation is regulated by distinct methyltransferases. The SET2 homologs SDG8 and SDG26 each can methylate oligonucleosomes in vitro, and both proteins are localized in the nucleus. While the previously reported loss-of-function sdg8 mutants have an early-flowering phenotype, the loss-of-function sdg26 mutants show a late-flowering phenotype. Consistently, several MADS-box flowering repressors are down-regulated by sdg8 but up-regulated by sdg26. The sdg8 but not the sdg26 mutant plants show a dramatically reduced level of both di- and trimethyl-H3K36 and an increased level of monomethyl-H3K36. SDG8 is thus specifically required for di- and trimethylation of H3K36. Our results further establish that H3K36 di- and tri- but not monomethylation correlates with transcription activation. Finally, we show that SDG8 and VIP4, which encodes a component of the PAF1 complex, act independently and synergistically in transcription regulation. Together our results reveal that the deposition of H3K36 methylation is finely regulated, possibly to cope with the complex regulation of growth and development in higher eukaryotes.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes-CNRS, 12 Rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cédex, France. Phone: 33 (0)3 88 41 72 83. Fax: 33 (0)3 88 61 44 42. E-mail: wen-hui.shen{at}ibmp-ulp.u-strasbg.fr

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 10 December 2007.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://mcb.asm.org/.

{ddagger} Present address: Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstrasse 37-39, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 2008, p. 1348-1360, Vol. 28, No. 4
0270-7306/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.01607-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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