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Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2008, p. 2860-2871, Vol. 28, No. 9
0270-7306/08/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/MCB.01746-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Department of Molecular Pharmacology,1 Department of Pathology,2 Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 104613
Received 24 September 2007/ Returned for modification 2 November 2007/ Accepted 15 February 2008
ADP-ribosylation is a reversible posttranslational modification mediated by poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). The results of recent studies demonstrate that ADP-ribosylation contributes to transcription regulation. Here, we report that transcription factor NFAT binds to and is ADP-ribosylated by PARP-1 in an activation-dependent manner. Mechanistically, ADP-ribosylation increases NFAT DNA binding. Functionally, NFAT-mediated interleukin-2 (IL-2) expression was reduced in T cells upon genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1. Parp-1–/– T cells also exhibit reduced expression of other NFAT-dependent cytokines, such as IL-4. Together, these results demonstrate that ADP-ribosylation mediated by PARP-1 provides a molecular switch to positively regulate NFAT-dependent cytokine gene transcription. These results also imply that, similar to the effect of calcineurin inhibition, PARP-1 inhibition may be beneficial in modulating immune functions.
Published ahead of print on 25 February 2008.
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