This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Dang, C V Articles by Lee, W M Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Dang, C V Articles by Lee, W M

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Mol Cell Biol. 1988 October; 8(10): 4048-4054

Identification of the human c-myc protein nuclear translocation signal.

Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.

ABSTRACT

We identified and characterized two regions of the human c-myc protein that target proteins into the nucleus. Using mutant c-myc proteins and proteins that fuse portions of c-myc to chicken muscle pyruvate kinase, we found that residues 320 to 328 (PAAKRVKLD; peptide M1) induced complete nuclear localization, and their removal from c-myc resulted in mutant proteins that distributed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm but retained rat embryo cell cotransforming activity. Residues 364 to 374 (RQRRNELKRSP; peptide M2) induced only partial nuclear targeting, and their removal from c-myc resulted in mutant proteins that remained nuclear but were cotransformationally inactive. We conjugated synthetic peptides containing M1 or M2 to human serum albumin and microinjected the conjugate into the cytoplasm of Vero cells. The peptide containing M1 caused rapid and complete nuclear accumulation, whereas that containing M2 caused slower and only partial nuclear localization. Thus, M1 functions as the nuclear localization signal of c-myc, and M2 serves some other and essential function.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Kubota, T., Maezawa, S., Koiwai, K., Hayano, T., Koiwai, O. (2007). Identification of functional domains in TdIF1 and its inhibitory mechanism for TdT activity. GENES CELLS 12: 941-959 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Costas, C., Martinez-Costas, J., Bodelon, G., Benavente, J. (2005). The Second Open Reading Frame of the Avian Reovirus S1 Gene Encodes a Transcription-Dependent and CRM1-Independent Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling Protein. J. Virol. 79: 2141-2150 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Patel, J. H., Du, Y., Ard, P. G., Phillips, C., Carella, B., Chen, C.-J., Rakowski, C., Chatterjee, C., Lieberman, P. M., Lane, W. S., Blobel, G. A., McMahon, S. B. (2004). The c-MYC Oncoprotein Is a Substrate of the Acetyltransferases hGCN5/PCAF and TIP60. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24: 10826-10834 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bekesi, A., Zagyva, I., Hunyadi-Gulyas, E., Pongracz, V., Kovari, J., Nagy, A. O., Erdei, A., Medzihradszky, K. F., Vertessy, B. G. (2004). Developmental Regulation of dUTPase in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 22362-22370 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Krauer, K., Buck, M., Flanagan, J., Belzer, D., Sculley, T. (2004). Identification of the nuclear localization signals within the Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-6 protein. J. Gen. Virol. 85: 165-172 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lee, S. J., Sekimoto, T., Yamashita, E., Nagoshi, E., Nakagawa, A., Imamoto, N., Yoshimura, M., Sakai, H., Chong, K. T., Tsukihara, T., Yoneda, Y. (2003). The Structure of Importin-{beta} Bound to SREBP-2: Nuclear Import of a Transcription Factor. Science 302: 1571-1575 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mu, Z. M., Yin, X. Y., Prochownik, E. V. (2002). Pag, a Putative Tumor Suppressor, Interacts with the Myc Box II Domain of c-Myc and Selectively Alters Its Biological Function and Target Gene Expression. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 43175-43184 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cressman, D. E., O'Connor, W. J., Greer, S. F., Zhu, X.-S., Ting, J. P.-Y. (2001). Mechanisms of Nuclear Import and Export That Control the Subcellular Localization of Class II Transactivator. J. Immunol. 167: 3626-3634 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pei, L. (2000). Phosphorylation Modulates the Function of the Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide Receptor Transcriptional Repressor Protein. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 1176-1182 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Liang, S.-H., Clarke, M. F. (1999). A Bipartite Nuclear Localization Signal Is Required for p53 Nuclear Import Regulated by a Carboxyl-terminal Domain. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 32699-32703 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nagoshi, E., Imamoto, N., Sato, R., Yoneda, Y. (1999). Nuclear Import of Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein-2, a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix-Leucine Zipper (bHLH-Zip)-containing Transcription Factor, Occurs through the Direct Interaction of Importin beta with HLH-Zip. Mol. Biol. Cell 10: 2221-2233 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ben-Dor, I., Bern, O., Tennenbaum, T. (1999). Cell Cycle-dependent Nuclear Accumulation of the p94fer Tyrosine Kinase Is Regulated by Its NH2 Terminus and Is Affected by Kinase Domain Integrity and ATP Binding. Cell Growth Differ. 10: 113-129 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Plafker, S. M., Gibson, W. (1998). Cytomegalovirus Assembly Protein Precursor and Proteinase Precursor Contain Two Nuclear Localization Signals That Mediate Their Own Nuclear Translocation and That of the Major Capsid Protein. J. Virol. 72: 7722-7732 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Matunis, M. J., Wu, J., Blobel, G. (1998). SUMO-1 Modification and Its Role in Targeting the Ran GTPase-activating Protein, RanGAP1, to the Nuclear Pore Complex. J. Cell Biol. 140: 499-509 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kenna, M. A., Brachmann, C. B., Devine, S. E., Boeke, J. D. (1998). Invading the Yeast Nucleus: a Nuclear Localization Signal at the C Terminus of Ty1 Integrase Is Required for Transposition In Vivo. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18: 1115-1124 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Huang, X. F., Compans, R. W., Chen, S., Lamb, R. A., Arvan, P. (1997). Polarized Apical Targeting Directed by the Signal/Anchor Region of Simian Virus 5 Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 27598-27604 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yano, T., Nakamura, T., Blechman, J., Sorio, C., Dang, C. V., Geiger, B., Canaani, E. (1997). Nuclear punctate distribution of ALL-1 is conferred by distinct elements at the N terminus of the protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 7286-7291 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wise, C. A., Chiang, L. C., Paznekas, W. A., Sharma, M., Musy, M. M., Ashley, J. A., Lovett, M., Jabs, E. W. (1997). TCOF1 gene encodes a putative nucleolar phosphoprotein that exhibits mutations in Treacher Collins Syndrome throughout its coding region. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 3110-3115 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kohlhuber, F., Hermeking, H., Graessmann, A., Eick, D. (1995). Induction of Apoptosis by the c-Myc Helix-Loop-Helix/Leucine Zipper Domain in Mouse 3T3-L1 Fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 28797-28805 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shrivastava, A, Saleque, S, Kalpana, G., Artandi, S, Goff, S., Calame, K (1993). Inhibition of transcriptional regulator Yin-Yang-1 by association with c-Myc. Science 262: 1889-1892 [Abstract]  
• Prendergast, G C, Hopewell, R, Gorham, B J, Ziff, E B (1992). Biphasic effect of Max on Myc cotransformation activity and dependence on amino- and carboxy-terminal Max functions.. Genes Dev. 6: 2429-2439 [Abstract]  
• Mukherjee, B, Morgenbesser, S D, DePinho, R A (1992). Myc family oncoproteins function through a common pathway to transform normal cells in culture: cross-interference by Max and trans-acting dominant mutants.. Genes Dev. 6: 1480-1492 [Abstract]  
• Luscher, B, Eisenman, R N (1990). New light on Myc and Myb. Part I. Myc.. Genes Dev. 4: 2025-2035  
• Parker, G. E., Sandoval, R. M., Feister, H. A., Bidwell, J. P., Rhodes, S. J. (2000). The Homeodomain Coordinates Nuclear Entry of the Lhx3 Neuroendocrine Transcription Factor and Association with the Nuclear Matrix. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 23891-23898 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Masson, P., Andersson, O., Petersen, U.-M., Young, P. (2001). Identification and Characterization of a Drosophila Nuclear Proteasome Regulator. A HOMOLOG OF HUMAN 11 S REGgamma (PA28gamma ). J. Biol. Chem. 276: 1383-1390 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hodel, M. R., Corbett, A. H., Hodel, A. E. (2001). Dissection of a Nuclear Localization Signal. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 1317-1325 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pollock, R., Issner, R., Zoller, K., Natesan, S., Rivera, V. M., Clackson, T. (2000). Delivery of a stringent dimerizer-regulated gene expression system in a single retroviral vector. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 13221-13226 [Abstract] [Full Text]