This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Christy, B Articles by Nathans, D Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Christy, B Articles by Nathans, D

Functional serum response elements upstream of the growth factor-inducible gene zif268.

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.

ABSTRACT

The zif268 gene, which encodes a protein with three typical zinc finger sequences, is induced in mouse 3T3 cells by serum, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor. The induction is coordinate with that of c-fos. The 5'-flanking region of zif268 contains sequences that resemble known regulatory elements, including four CC(A or T)6GG sequences similar to the core serum response elements (SREs) found upstream of c-fos and actin genes. To determine whether the zif268 SRE-like elements mediate induction, CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) plasmids with different lengths of zif268 upstream sequences were tested for inducibility in 3T3 cells by serum, platelet-derived growth factor, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. In addition, double-stranded oligonucleotides corresponding to each of the four zif268 putative SREs were tested individually for responsiveness when placed upstream of a thymidine kinase gene promoter. Each of the four SREs conferred inducibility by the agents tested, and multiple SREs resulted in greater inducibility than did a single element. Each of the zif268 SREs also competed with the c-fos SRE for binding by serum response factor present in HeLa cell nuclear extract. We conclude that the zif268 SRE-like sequences are functional and probably account for the coordinate induction of zif268 and c-fos.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Vickers, E. R., Kasza, A., Kurnaz, I. A., Seifert, A., Zeef, L. A. H., O'Donnell, A., Hayes, A., Sharrocks, A. D. (2004). Ternary Complex Factor-Serum Response Factor Complex-Regulated Gene Activity Is Required for Cellular Proliferation and Inhibition of Apoptotic Cell Death. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24: 10340-10351 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Irrcher, I., Hood, D. A. (2004). Regulation of Egr-1, SRF, and Sp1 mRNA expression in contracting skeletal muscle cells. J. Appl. Physiol. 97: 2207-2213 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Freyssenet, D., Irrcher, I., Connor, M. K., Di Carlo, M., Hood, D. A. (2004). Calcium-regulated changes in mitochondrial phenotype in skeletal muscle cells. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 286: C1053-C1061 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mora-Garcia, P., Cheng, J., Crans-Vargas, H. N., Countouriotis, A., Shankar, D., Sakamoto, K. M. (2003). Transcriptional Regulators and Myelopoiesis: The Role of Serum Response Factor and CREB as Targets of Cytokine Signaling. Stem Cells 21: 123-130 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Xi, H., Kersh, G. J. (2003). Induction of the Early Growth Response Gene 1 Promoter by TCR Agonists and Partial Agonists: Ligand Potency Is Related to Sustained Phosphorylation of Extracellular Signal-Related Kinase Substrates. J. Immunol. 170: 315-324 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• SHIN, S. Y., KO, J., CHANG, J.-S., MIN, D. S., CHOI, C., BAE, S. S., KIM, M. J., HYUN, D. S., KIM, J.-H., HAN, M. Y., KIM, Y.-H., KIM, Y. S., NA, D. S., SUH, P.-G., LEE, Y. H. (2002). Negative regulatory role of overexpression of PLC{gamma}1 in the expression of early growth response 1 gene in rat 3Y1 fibroblasts. FASEB J. 16: 1504-1514 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Duan, W. R., Ito, M., Park, Y., Maizels, E. T., Hunzicker-Dunn, M., Jameson, J. L. (2002). GnRH Regulates Early Growth Response Protein 1 Transcription Through Multiple Promoter Elements. Mol. Endocrinol. 16: 221-233 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tsai, J. C., Liu, L., Zhang, J., Spokes, K. C., Topper, J. N., Aird, W. C. (2001). Epidermal growth factor induces Egr-1 promoter activity in hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 281: G1271-G1278 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Levkovitz, Y., O'Donovan, K. J., Baraban, J. M. (2001). Blockade of NGF-Induced Neurite Outgrowth by a Dominant-Negative Inhibitor of the Egr Family of Transcription Regulatory Factors. J. Neurosci. 21: 45-52 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tsai, J. C., Liu, L., Guan, J., Aird, W. C. (2000). The Egr-1 gene is induced by epidermal growth factor in ECV304 cells and primary endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 279: C1414-C1424 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Erickson-Miller, C. L., Pelus, L. M., Lord, K. A. (2000). Signaling Induced by Erythropoietin and Stem Cell Factor in UT-7/Epo Cells: Transient versus Sustained Proliferation. Stem Cells 18: 366-373 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Liu, L., Tsai, J. C., Aird, W. C. (2000). Egr-1 gene is induced by the systemic administration of the vascular endothelial growth factor and the epidermal growth factor. Blood 96: 1772-1781 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kawai-Kowase, K., Kurabayashi, M., Hoshino, Y., Ohyama, Y., Nagai, R. (1999). Transcriptional Activation of the Zinc Finger Transcription Factor BTEB2 Gene by Egr-1 Through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Circ. Res. 85: 787-795 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Alberta, J. A., Auger, K. R., Batt, D., Iannarelli, P., Hwang, G., Elliott, H. L., Duke, R., Roberts, T. M., Stiles, C. D. (1999). Platelet-derived Growth Factor Stimulation of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Gene Expression Is Mediated by Transient Activation of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Signal Transduction Pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 31062-31067 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Spencer, J. A., Major, M. L., Misra, R. P. (1999). Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Activates Serum Response Factor Gene Expression by Multiple Distinct Signaling Mechanisms. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19: 3977-3988 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sridhar, P., Liu, Y., Chin, L. D., Borja, C. E., Mann, M., Skopicki, H. A., Freter, R. R. (1999). Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Stimulated Expression of the MCP-1 Immediate-Early Gene Involves an Inhibitory Multiprotein Complex. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19: 4219-4230 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kumahara, E., Ebihara, T., Saffen, D. (1999). Protein Kinase Inhibitor H7 Blocks the Induction of Immediate-Early Genes zif268 and c-fos by a Mechanism Unrelated to Inhibition of Protein Kinase C but Possibly Related to Inhibition of Phosphorylation of RNA Polymerase II. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 10430-10438 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Clarkson, R. W. E., Shang, C. A., Levitt, L. K., Howard, T., Waters, M. J. (1999). Ternary Complex Factors Elk-1 and Sap-1a Mediate Growth Hormone-Induced Transcription of Egr-1 (Early Growth Response Factor-1) in 3T3-F442A Preadipocytes. Mol. Endocrinol. 13: 619-631 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Santiago, F. S., Lowe, H. C., Day, F. L., Chesterman, C. N., Khachigian, L. M. (1999). Early Growth Response Factor-1 Induction by Injury Is Triggered by Release and Paracrine Activation by Fibroblast Growth Factor-2. Am. J. Pathol. 154: 937-944 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Liu, C., Yao, J., de Belle, I., Huang, R.-P., Adamson, E., Mercola, D. (1999). The Transcription Factor EGR-1 Suppresses Transformation of Human Fibrosarcoma HT1080 Cells by Coordinated Induction of Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1, Fibronectin, and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 4400-4411 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lehmann, U., Brocke, P., Dittmer, J., Nordheim, A. (1999). Characterization of the Human elk-1 Promoter. POTENTIAL ROLE OF A DOWNSTREAM INTRONIC SEQUENCE FOR elk-1 GENE EXPRESSION IN MONOCYTES. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 1736-1744 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• von der Kammer, H., Mayhaus, M., Albrecht, C., Enderich, J., Wegner, M., Nitsch, R. M. (1998). Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Activate Expression of the Egr Gene Family of Transcription Factors. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 14538-14544 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hautmann, M. B., Madsen, C. S., Mack, C. P., Owens, G. K. (1998). Substitution of the Degenerate Smooth Muscle (SM) alpha -Actin CC(A/T-rich)6GG Elements with c-fos Serum Response Elements Results in Increased Basal Expression but Relaxed SM Cell Specificity and Reduced Angiotensin II Inducibility. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 8398-8406 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gong, T.-W. L., Meyer, D. J., Liao, J., Hodge, C. L., Campbell, G. S., Wang, X., Billestrup, N., Carter-Su, C., Schwartz, J. (1998). Regulation of Glucose Transport and c-fos and egr-1 Expression in Cells with Mutated or Endogenous Growth Hormone Receptors. Endocrinology 139: 1863-1871 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Johnson, C. M., Hill, C. S., Chawla, S., Treisman, R., Bading, H. (1997). Calcium Controls Gene Expression via Three Distinct Pathways That Can Function Independently of the Ras/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (ERKs) Signaling Cascade. J. Neurosci. 17: 6189-6202 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Belaguli, N. S., Schildmeyer, L. A., Schwartz, R. J. (1997). Organization and Myogenic Restricted Expression of the Murine Serum Response Factor Gene. A ROLE FOR AUTOREGULATION. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 18222-18231 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hofer, G., Grimmer, C., Sukhatme, V. P., Sterzel, R. B., Rupprecht, H. D. (1996). Transcription Factor Egr-1 Regulates Glomerular Mesangial Cell Proliferation. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 28306-28310 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Xia, Z., Dudek, H., Miranti, C. K., Greenberg, M. E. (1996). Calcium Influx via the NMDA Receptor Induces Immediate Early Gene Transcription by a MAP Kinase/ERK-Dependent Mechanism. J. Neurosci. 16: 5425-5436 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ronicke, V., Risau, W., Breier, G. (1996). Characterization of the Endothelium-Specific Murine Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (Flk-1) Promoter. Circ. Res. 79: 277-285 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Freter, R. R., Alberta, J. A., Hwang, G. Y., Wrentmore, A. L., Stiles, C. D. (1996). Platelet-derived Growth Factor Induction of the Immediate-early gene MCP-1 Is Mediated by NF-kappa B and a 90-kDa Phosphoprotein Coactivator. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 17417-17424 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Spencer, J. A., Misra, R. P. (1996). Expression of the Serum Response Factor Gene Is Regulated by Serum Response Factor Binding Sites. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 16535-16543 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cohen, D. M., Gullans, S. R., Chin, W. W. (1996). Urea Inducibility of egr-1 in Murine Inner Medullary Collecting Duct Cells Is Mediated by the Serum Response Element and Adjacent Ets Motifs. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 12903-12908 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Li, C., Mitchell, D.H., Coleman, D.L. (1995). Lipopolysaccharide induces expression of Egr-1 in macrophages through upstream CArG box (serum response) elements. Innate Immunity 2: 239-246 [Abstract]  
• Uemura, H., Mizokami, A., Chang, C. (1995). Identification of a New Enhancer in the Promoter Region of Human TR3 Orphan Receptor Gene. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 5427-5433 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Metz, R, Ziff, E (1991). cAMP stimulates the C/EBP-related transcription factor rNFIL-6 to trans-locate to the nucleus and induce c-fos transcription.. Genes Dev. 5: 1754-1766 [Abstract]  
• Graham, R, Gilman, M (1991). Distinct protein targets for signals acting at the c-fos serum response element. Science 251: 189-192 [Abstract]  
• Mora-Garcia, P., Sakamoto, K. M. (2000). Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Induces egr-1 Up-regulation through Interaction of Serum Response Element-binding Proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 22418-22426 [Abstract] [Full Text]