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Mol. Cell. Biol., Oct 1997, 5688-5698, Vol 17, No. 10
LW Jurata and GN Gill
LIM homeodomain and LIM-only (LMO) transcription factors contain two
tandemly arranged Zn2+-binding LIM domains capable of mediating protein-
protein interactions. These factors have restricted patterns of expression,
are found in invertebrates as well as vertebrates, and are required for
cell type specification in a variety of developing tissues. A recently
identified, widely expressed protein, NLI, binds with high affinity to the
LIM domains of LIM homeodomain and LMO proteins in vitro and in vivo. In
this study, a 38-amino-acid fragment of NLI was found to be sufficient for
the association of NLI with nuclear LIM domains. In addition, NLI was shown
to form high affinity homodimers through the amino-terminal 200 amino
acids, but dimerization of NLI was not required for association with the
LIM homeodomain protein Lmxl. Chemical cross-linking analysis revealed
higher-order complexes containing multiple NLI molecules bound to Lmx1,
indicating that dimerization of NLI does not interfere with LIM domain
interactions. Additionally, NLI formed complexes with Lmx1 on the rat
insulin I promoter and inhibited the LIM domain-dependent synergistic
transcriptional activation by Lmx1 and the basic helix-loop-helix protein
E47 from the rat insulin I minienhancer. These studies indicate that NLI
contains at least two functionally independent domains and may serve as a
negative regulator of synergistic transcriptional responses which require
direct interaction via LIM domains. Thus, NLI may regulate the
transcriptional activity of LIM homeodomain proteins by determining
specific partner interactions.
Copyright © 1997, American Society for Microbiology
Functional analysis of the nuclear LIM domain interactor NLI
Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0650, USA.
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