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Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1997, 2806-2815, Vol 17, No. 5
M Pariat, S Carillo, M Molinari, C Salvat, L Debussche, L Bracco, J Milner and M Piechaczyk
p53 is a short-lived transcription factor that is frequently mutated in
tumor cells. Work by several laboratories has already shown that the
ubiquitin-proteasome pathway can largely account for p53 destruction, at
least under specific experimental conditions. We report here that, in
vitro, wild-type p53 is a sensitive substrate for milli- and microcalpain,
which are abundant and ubiquitous cytoplasmic proteases. Degradation was
dependent on p53 protein conformation. Mutants of p53 with altered tertiary
structure displayed a wide range of susceptibility to calpains, some of
them being largely resistant to degradation and others being more
sensitive. This result suggests that the different mutants tested here
adopt slightly different conformations to which calpains are sensitive but
that cannot be discriminated by using monoclonal antibodies such as PAb1620
and PAb240. Inhibition of calpains by using the physiological inhibitor
calpastatin leads to an elevation of p53 steady-state levels in cells
expressing wild-type p53. Conversely, activation of calpains by calcium
ionophore led to a reduction of p53 in mammalian cells, and the effect was
blocked by cell-permeant calpain inhibitors. Cotransfection of p53- null
cell lines with p53 and calpastatin expression vectors resulted in an
increase in p53-dependent transcription activity. Taken together, these
data support the idea that calpains may also contribute to the regulation
of wild-type p53 protein levels in vivo.
Copyright © 1997, American Society for Microbiology
Proteolysis by calpains: a possible contribution to degradation of p53
Institut de Genetique Moleculaire, UMR 9942, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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