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Molecular and Cellular Biology, December 1998, p. 7095-7105, Vol. 18, No. 12
0270-7306/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Fra-1 Induces Morphological Transformation and Increases In Vitro
Invasiveness and Motility of Epithelioid Adenocarcinoma Cells
Olga
Kustikova,1,
Dmitrii
Kramerov,1,
Mariam
Grigorian,1
Vladimir
Berezin,2
Elisabeth
Bock,2
Eugene
Lukanidin,1 and
Eugene
Tulchinsky1,*
Department of Molecular Cancer Biology,
Danish Cancer Society, DK-2100 Copenhagen
Ø,1 and
Protein Laboratory,
Institute of Molecular Pathology, Copenhagen University, DK-2200
Copenhagen N,2 Denmark
Received 6 April 1998/Returned for modification 1 June
1998/Accepted 28 August 1998
Two cell lines originating from a common ancestral tumor, CSML0 and
CSML100, were used as a model to study AP-1 transcription factors at
different steps of tumor progression. CSML0 cells have an
epithelial morphology; they express epithelial but not mesenchymal markers and are invasive neither in vitro nor in vivo. CSML100 possesses all characteristics of a highly progressive carcinoma. These
cells do not form tight contacts, are highly invasive in vitro,
and are metastatic in vivo. AP-1 activity was considerably higher in
CSML100 cells than in CSML0 cells. There was a common predominant Jun
component, namely, JunD, detected in both cell lines. We found that the
enhanced level of AP-1 in CSML100 cells was due to high expression of
Fra-1 and Fra-2 proteins, which were undetectable in CSML0 nuclear
extracts. Analysis of the transcription of different AP-1 members in
various cell lines derived from tumors of epithelial origin revealed a
correlation of fra-1 expression with mesenchymal
characteristics of carcinoma cells. Moreover, we show here for the
first time that the expression of exogenous Fra-1 in epithelioid cells
results in morphological changes that resemble fibroblastoid
conversion. Cells acquire an elongated shape and become more motile and
invasive in vitro. Morphological alterations were accompanied by
transcriptional activation of certain genes whose expression is often
induced at late stages of tumor progression. These data suggest a
critical role of the Fra-1 protein in the development of epithelial tumors.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department
of Molecular Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society,
Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. Phone: 45 352 57312. Fax: 45 35257721. E-mail: et{at}cancer.dk.
Present address: Institute for Gene Biology, Russian Academy of
Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

Present address: Institute for Molecular Biology, Russian Academy
of Sciences, Moscow,
Russia.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, December 1998, p. 7095-7105, Vol. 18, No. 12
0270-7306/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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