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Molecular and Cellular Biology, December 1998, p. 7106-7118, Vol. 18, No. 12
0270-7306/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Role for a YY1-Binding Element in Replication-Dependent Mouse Histone Gene Expression

Katherine A. Eliassen, Amy Baldwin, Eric M. Sikorski, and Myra M. Hurt*

Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4370

Received 27 February 1998/Returned for modification 9 April 1998/Accepted 3 September 1998

Expression of the highly conserved replication-dependent histone gene family increases dramatically as a cell enters the S phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Requirements for normal histone gene expression in vivo include an element, designated alpha , located within the protein-encoding sequence of nucleosomal histone genes. Mutation of 5 of 7 nucleotides of the mouse H3.2 alpha  element to yield the sequence found in an H3.3 replication-independent variant abolishes the DNA-protein interaction in vitro and reduces expression fourfold in vivo. A yeast one-hybrid screen of a HeLa cell cDNA library identified the protein responsible for recognition of the histone H3.2 alpha  sequence as the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1). YY1 is a ubiquitous and highly conserved transcription factor reported to be involved in both activation and repression of gene expression. Here we report that the in vitro histone alpha  DNA-protein interaction depends on YY1 and that mutation of the nucleotides required for the in vitro histone alpha  DNA-YY1 interaction alters the cell cycle phase-specific up-regulation of the mouse H3.2 gene in vivo. Because all mutations or deletions of the histone alpha  sequence both abolish interactions in vitro and cause an in vivo decrease in histone gene expression, the recognition of the histone alpha  element by YY1 is implicated in the correct temporal regulation of replication-dependent histone gene expression in vivo.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4370. Phone: (850) 644-1554. Fax: (850) 644-0481. E-mail: mhurt{at}mailer.fsu.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, December 1998, p. 7106-7118, Vol. 18, No. 12
0270-7306/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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