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Molecular and Cellular Biology, January 1999, p. 704-713, Vol. 19, No. 1
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The NeuroD1/BETA2 Sequences Essential for Insulin Gene Transcription Colocalize with Those Necessary for Neurogenesis and p300/CREB Binding Protein Binding

Arun Sharma,1,dagger Melissa Moore,2 Edoardo Marcora,2 Jacqueline E. Lee,2 Yi Qiu,1 Susan Samaras,1 and Roland Stein1,*

Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,1 and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 803092

Received 11 June 1998/Returned for modification 27 July 1998/Accepted 17 September 1998

NeuroD1/BETA2 is a key regulator of pancreatic islet morphogenesis and insulin hormone gene transcription in islet beta  cells. This factor also appears to be involved in neurogenic differentiation, because NeuroD1/BETA2 is able to induce premature differentiation of neuronal precursors and convert ectoderm into fully differentiated neurons upon ectopic expression in Xenopus embryos. We have identified amino acid sequences in mammalian and Xenopus NeuroD1/BETA2 that are necessary for insulin gene expression and ectopic neurogenesis. Our results indicate that evolutionarily conserved sequences spanning the basic helix-loop-helix (amino acids [aa] 100 to 155) and C-terminal (aa 156 to 355) regions are important for both of these processes. The transactivation domains (AD1, aa 189 to 299; AD2, aa 300 to 355) were within the carboxy-terminal region, as analyzed by using GAL4:NeuroD1/BETA2 chimeras. Selective activation of mammalian insulin gene enhancer-driven expression and ectopic neurogenesis in Xenopus embryos was regulated by two independent and separable domains of NeuroD1/BETA2, located between aa 156 to 251 and aa 252 to 355. GAL4:NeuroD1/BETA2 constructs spanning these sequences demonstrated that only aa 252 to 355 contained activation domain function, although both aa 156 to 251 and 300 to 355 were found to interact with the p300/CREB binding protein (CBP) coactivator. These results implicate p300/CBP in NeuroD1/BETA2 function and further suggest that comparable mechanisms are utilized to direct target gene transcription during differentiation and in adult islet beta  cells.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232. Phone: (615) 322-7026. Fax: (615) 322-7236. E-mail: roland.stein{at}mcmail.vanderbilt.edu.

dagger Present address: Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, January 1999, p. 704-713, Vol. 19, No. 1
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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