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Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 1999, p. 7672-7680, Vol. 19, No. 11
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Antagonistic Effects of Protein Kinase C
and
on Both Transformation and Phospholipase D Activity Mediated by
the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Armand
Hornia,
Zhimin
Lu,
Taiko
Sukezane,
Minghao
Zhong,
Troy
Joseph,
Paul
Frankel, and
David A.
Foster*
Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter
College of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10021
Received 13 August 1998/Returned for modification 4 November
1998/Accepted 23 June 1999
Downregulation of protein kinase C
(PKC
) by treatment with
the tumor-promoting phorbol ester
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) transforms cells
that overexpress the non-receptor class tyrosine kinase c-Src (Z. Lu et
al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:3418-3428, 1997). We extended these studies
to cells overexpressing a receptor class tyrosine kinase, the epidermal
growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR cells); like c-Src, the EGF receptor
is overexpressed in several human tumors. In contrast with
expectations, downregulation of PKC isoforms with TPA did not transform
the EGFR cells; however, treatment with EGF did transform these cells.
Since TPA downregulates all phorbol ester-responsive PKC isoforms, we
examined the effects of PKC
- and PKC
-specific inhibitors and
the expression of dominant negative mutants for both PKC
and
.
Consistent with a tumor-suppressing function for PKC
, the PKC
-specific inhibitor rottlerin and a dominant negative PKC
mutant
transformed the EGFR cells in the absence of EGF. In contrast, the PKC
-specific inhibitor Go6976 and expression of a dominant negative PKC
mutant blocked the transformed phenotype induced by both EGF and
PKC
inhibition. Interestingly, both rottlerin and EGF induced
substantial increases in phospholipase D (PLD) activity, which is
commonly elevated in response to mitogenic stimuli. The elevation of
PLD activity in response to inhibiting PKC
, like transformation, was dependent upon PKC
and restricted to the EGFR cells. These data
demonstrate that PKC isoforms
and
have antagonistic effects on
both transformation and PLD activity and further support a tumor
suppressor role for PKC
that may be mediated by suppression of
tyrosine kinase-dependent increases in PLD activity.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY 10021. Phone: (212) 772-4075. Fax: (212)
772-5227. E-mail: foster{at}genectr.hunter.cuny.edu.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 1999, p. 7672-7680, Vol. 19, No. 11
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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