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Molecular and Cellular Biology, April 1999, p. 3115-3124, Vol. 19, No. 4
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Maturation of the Myogenic Program Is Induced by Postmitotic Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I

Antonio Musarò and Nadia Rosenthal*

Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital---East, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129

Received 22 September 1998/Returned for modification 1 December 1998/Accepted 29 December 1998

The molecular mechanisms underlying myogenic induction by insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are distinct from its proliferative effects on myoblasts. To determine the postmitotic role of IGF-I on muscle cell differentiation, we derived L6E9 muscle cell lines carrying a stably transfected rat IGF-I gene under the control of a myosin light chain (MLC) promoter-enhancer cassette. Expression of MLC-IGF-I exclusively in differentiated L6E9 myotubes, which express the embryonic form of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and no endogenous IGF-I, resulted in pronounced myotube hypertrophy, accompanied by activation of the neonatal MyHC isoform. The hypertrophic myotubes dramatically increased expression of myogenin, muscle creatine kinase, beta -enolase, and IGF binding protein 5 and activated the myocyte enhancer factor 2C gene which is normally silent in this cell line. MLC-IGF-I induction in differentiated L6E9 cells also increased the expression of a transiently transfected LacZ reporter driven by the myogenin promoter, demonstrating activation of the differentiation program at the transcriptional level. Nuclear reorganization, accumulation of skeletal actin protein, and an increased expression of beta 1D integrin were also observed. Inhibition of the phosphatidyl inositol (PI) 3-kinase intermediate in IGF-I-mediated signal transduction confirmed that the PI 3-kinase pathway is required only at early stages for IGF-I-mediated hypertrophy and neonatal MyHC induction in these cells. Expression of IGF-I in postmitotic muscle may therefore play an important role in the maturation of the myogenic program.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital---East, 149 13th St., 4th Floor, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060. Phone: (617) 724-9560. Fax: (617) 724-9561. E-mail: rosentha{at}helix.mgh.harvard.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, April 1999, p. 3115-3124, Vol. 19, No. 4
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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