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Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 1999, p. 3664-3673, Vol. 19, No. 5
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Structural Motifs Involved in Ubiquitin-Mediated Processing of the NF-kappa B Precursor p105: Roles of the Glycine-Rich Region and a Downstream Ubiquitination Domain

Amir Orian,1 Alan L. Schwartz,2 Alain Israël,3 Simon Whiteside,3 Chaim Kahana,4 and Aaron Ciechanover1,*

Department of Biochemistry and Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 31096,1 and Department of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100,4 Israel; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital, and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 631102; and Unité de Biologie Moléculaire de l'Expression Génique, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France3

Received 1 September 1998/Returned for modification 29 October 1998/Accepted 10 February 1999

The ubiquitin proteolytic system plays a major role in a variety of basic cellular processes. In the majority of these processes, the target proteins are completely degraded. In one exceptional case, generation of the p50 subunit of the transcriptional regulator NF-kappa B, the precursor protein p105 is processed in a limited manner: the N-terminal domain yields the p50 subunit, whereas the C-terminal domain is degraded. The identity of the mechanisms involved in this unique process have remained elusive. It has been shown that a Gly-rich region (GRR) at the C-terminal domain of p50 is an important processing signal. Here we show that the GRR does not interfere with conjugation of ubiquitin to p105 but probably does interfere with the processing of the ubiquitin-tagged precursor by the 26S proteasome. Structural analysis reveals that a short sequence containing a few Gly residues and a single essential Ala is sufficient to generate p50. Mechanistically, the presence of the GRR appears to stop further degradation of p50 and to stabilize the molecule. It appears that the localization of the GRR within p105 plays an important role in directing processing: transfer of the GRR within p105 or insertion of the GRR into homologous or heterologous proteins is not sufficient to promote processing in most cases, which is probably due to the requirement for an additional specific ubiquitination and/or recognition domain(s). Indeed, we have shown that amino acid residues 441 to 454 are important for processing. In particular, both Lys 441 and Lys 442 appear to serve as major ubiquitination targets, while residues 446 to 454 are independently important for processing and may serve as the ubiquitin ligase recognition motif.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Efron St., Bat Galim, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel. Phone: 972-4-829-5365, 972-4-829-5379, or 972-4-829-5356. Fax: 972-4-851-3922 or 972-4-855-2296. E-mail: mdaaron{at}tx.technion.ac.il.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 1999, p. 3664-3673, Vol. 19, No. 5
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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