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Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 1999, p. 4684-4694, Vol. 19, No. 7
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Osmotic Shock Inhibits Insulin Signaling by
Maintaining Akt/Protein Kinase B in an Inactive Dephosphorylated
State
Dong
Chen,1,2
Raymond V.
Fucini,1,2
Ann
Louise
Olson,1,
Brian A.
Hemmings,3 and
Jeffrey
E.
Pessin1,*
Department of Physiology and
Biophysics1 and Molecular Biology
Program,2 The University of Iowa, Iowa City,
Iowa 52242, and Friedrich Miescher-Institut, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland3
Received 2 October 1998/Returned for modification 25 November
1998/Accepted 30 March 1999
We have previously reported that insulin and osmotic shock
stimulate an increase in glucose transport activity and translocation of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter isoform GLUT4 to the
plasma membrane through distinct pathways in 3T3L1 adipocytes (D. Chen,
J. S. Elmendorf, A. L. Olson, X. Li, H. S. Earp, and J. E. Pessin, J. Biol. Chem. 272:27401-27410, 1997). In
investigations of the relationships between these two signaling
pathways, we have now observed that these two stimuli are not additive,
and, in fact, osmotic shock pretreatment was found to completely
prevent any further insulin stimulation of glucose transport activity and GLUT4 protein translocation. In addition, osmotic shock inhibited the insulin stimulation of lipogenesis and glycogen synthesis. This
inhibition of insulin-stimulated downstream signaling occurred without
any significant effect on insulin receptor autophosphorylation or
tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1). Furthermore, there was no effect on either the insulin-stimulated association of the p85 type I phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase regulatory subunit with IRS1 or phosphotyrosine
antibody-immunoprecipitated PI 3-kinase activity. In contrast, osmotic
shock pretreatment markedly inhibited the insulin stimulation of
protein kinase B (PKB) and p70S6 kinase activities. In addition, the
dephosphorylation of PKB was prevented by pretreatment with the
phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A. These data support
a model in which osmotic shock-induced insulin resistance of downstream
biological responses results from an inhibition of insulin-stimulated
PKB activation.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. Phone: (319) 335-7823. Fax: (319) 335-7330. E-mail:
Jeffrey-Pessin{at}uiowa.edu.

Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma
City, OK
73190.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 1999, p. 4684-4694, Vol. 19, No. 7
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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