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Molecular and Cellular Biology, August 1999, p. 5339-5351, Vol. 19, No. 8
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

c-Myc Overexpression Uncouples DNA Replication from Mitosis

Qing Li1 and Chi V. Dang1,2,3,4,*

Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine,1 Department of Medicine,2 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics,3 and The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center,4 The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205

Received 4 November 1998/Returned for modification 6 January 1999/Accepted 27 April 1999

c-myc has been shown to regulate G1/S transition, but a role for c-myc in other phases of the cell cycle has not been identified. Exposure of cells to colcemid activates the mitotic spindle checkpoint and arrests cells transiently in metaphase. After prolonged colcemid exposure, the cells withdraw from mitosis and enter a G1-like state. In contrast to cells in G1, colcemid-arrested cells have decreased G1 cyclin-dependent kinase activity and show hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein. We have found that overexpression of c-myc causes colcemid-treated human and rodent cells to become either apoptotic or polyploid by replicating DNA without chromosomal segregation. Although c-myc-induced polyploidy is not inhibited by wild-type p53 in immortalized murine fibroblasts, overexpression of c-myc in primary fibroblasts resulted in massive apoptosis of colcemid-treated cells. We surmise that additional genes are altered in immortalized cells to suppress the apoptotic pathway and allow c-myc-overexpressing cells to progress forward in the presence of colcemid. Our results also suggest that c-myc induces DNA rereplication in this G1-like state by activating CDK2 activity. These observations indicate that activation of c-myc may contribute to the genomic instability commonly found in human cancers.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Research Bldg., Rm. 1025, 720 Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205. Phone: (410) 955-2773. Fax: (410) 955-0185. E-mail: cvdang{at}welchlink.welch.jhu.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, August 1999, p. 5339-5351, Vol. 19, No. 8
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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