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Molecular and Cellular Biology, January 2000, p. 273-285, Vol. 20, No. 1
0270-7306/0/$04.00+0
Regulation of a Senescence Checkpoint Response by
the E2F1 Transcription Factor and p14ARF Tumor
Suppressor
Goberdhan P.
Dimri,
Koji
Itahana,
Meileen
Acosta, and
Judith
Campisi*
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
Received 11 June 1999/Returned for modification 22 July
1999/Accepted 5 October 1999
Normal cells do not divide indefinitely due to a process known as
replicative senescence. Human cells arrest growth with a senescent
phenotype when they acquire one or more critically short telomeres as a
consequence of cell division. Recent evidence suggests that certain
types of DNA damage, chromatin remodeling, and oncogenic forms of Ras
or Raf can also elicit a senescence response. We show here that E2F1, a
multifunctional transcription factor that binds the retinoblastoma
(pRb) tumor suppressor and that can either promote or suppress
tumorigenesis, induces a senescent phenotype when overexpressed in
normal human fibroblasts. Normal human cells stably arrested
proliferation and expressed several markers of replicative senescence
in response to E2F1. This activity of E2F1 was independent of its pRb
binding activity but dependent on its ability to stimulate gene
expression. The E2F1 target gene critical for the senescence response
appeared to be the p14ARF tumor suppressor. Replicatively
senescent human fibroblasts overexpressed p14ARF, and
ectopic expression of p14ARF in presenescent cells induced
a phenotype similar to that induced by E2F1. Consistent with a critical
role for p14ARF, cells with compromised p53 function were
immune to senescence induction by E2F1, as were cells deficient in
p14ARF. Our findings support the idea that the senescence
response is a critical tumor-suppressive mechanism, provide an
explanation for the apparently paradoxical roles of E2F1 in
oncogenesis, and identify p14ARF as a potentially important
mediator of the senescent phenotype.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Cell and Molecular Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., MS 70A-1118, Berkeley, CA 94720. Phone: (510) 486-4416. Fax: (510) 486-4475. E-mail: JCAMPISI{at}LBL.GOV.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, January 2000, p. 273-285, Vol. 20, No. 1
0270-7306/0/$04.00+0
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