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Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 2000, p. 4513-4521, Vol. 20, No. 13
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Sugar Control of the Plant Cell Cycle: Differential Regulation of Arabidopsis D-Type Cyclin Gene Expression

Catherine Riou-Khamlichi,dagger Margit Menges, J. M. Sandra Healy,Dagger and James A. H. Murray*

Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom

Received 21 December 1999/Returned for modification 2 February 2000/Accepted 3 April 2000

In most plants, sucrose is the major transported carbon source. Carbon source availability in the form of sucrose is likely to be a major determinant of cell division, and mechanisms must exist for sensing sugar levels and mediating appropriate control of the cell cycle. We show that sugar availability plays a major role during the G1 phase by controlling the expression of CycD cyclins in Arabidopsis. CycD2 mRNA levels increase within 30 min of the addition of sucrose; CycD3 is induced after 4 h. This corresponds to induction of CycD2 expression early in G1 and CycD3 expression in late G1 near the S-phase boundary. CycD2 and CycD3 induction is independent both of progression to a specific point in the cell cycle and of protein synthesis. Protein kinase activity of CycD2- and CycD3-containing cyclin-dependent kinases is consistent with the observed regulation of their mRNA levels. CycD2 and CycD3 therefore act as direct mediators of the presence of sugar in cell cycle commitment. CycD3, but not CycD2, expression responds to hormones, for which we show that the presence of sugars is required. Finally, protein phosphatases are shown to be involved in regulating CycD2 and CycD3 induction. We propose that control of CycD2 and CycD3 by sucrose forms part of cell cycle control in response to cellular carbohydrate status.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom, Phone: 44 1223 334166. Fax: 44 1223 334162. E-mail: j.murray{at}biotech.cam.ac.uk.

dagger Present address: Institut des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Limoges, 87100 Limoges, France.

Dagger Present address: Dipartimento di Genetica, IV Piano, Torre A, Università di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.


Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 2000, p. 4513-4521, Vol. 20, No. 13
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.



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