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Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 2000, p. 4513-4521, Vol. 20, No. 13
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Sugar Control of the Plant Cell Cycle: Differential
Regulation of Arabidopsis D-Type Cyclin Gene
Expression
Catherine
Riou-Khamlichi,
Margit
Menges,
J. M. Sandra
Healy,
and
James A. H.
Murray*
Institute of Biotechnology, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
Received 21 December 1999/Returned for modification 2 February
2000/Accepted 3 April 2000
In most plants, sucrose is the major transported carbon source.
Carbon source availability in the form of sucrose is likely to be a
major determinant of cell division, and mechanisms must exist for
sensing sugar levels and mediating appropriate control of the cell
cycle. We show that sugar availability plays a major role during the
G1 phase by controlling the expression of CycD cyclins in
Arabidopsis. CycD2 mRNA levels increase within 30 min of
the addition of sucrose; CycD3 is induced after 4 h. This
corresponds to induction of CycD2 expression early in G1
and CycD3 expression in late G1 near the S-phase boundary.
CycD2 and CycD3 induction is independent both of progression to a
specific point in the cell cycle and of protein synthesis. Protein
kinase activity of CycD2- and CycD3-containing cyclin-dependent kinases
is consistent with the observed regulation of their mRNA levels. CycD2
and CycD3 therefore act as direct mediators of the presence of sugar in cell cycle commitment. CycD3, but not CycD2, expression responds to
hormones, for which we show that the presence of sugars is required.
Finally, protein phosphatases are shown to be involved in regulating
CycD2 and CycD3 induction. We propose that control of CycD2 and CycD3
by sucrose forms part of cell cycle control in response to cellular
carbohydrate status.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of
Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom, Phone: 44 1223 334166. Fax: 44 1223 334162. E-mail: j.murray{at}biotech.cam.ac.uk.

Present address: Institut des Sciences de la Vie et de la
Santé, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Limoges,
87100 Limoges,
France.

Present address: Dipartimento di Genetica, IV Piano, Torre A,
Università di Milano, 20133 Milan,
Italy.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 2000, p. 4513-4521, Vol. 20, No. 13
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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