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Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 2000, p. 8623-8633, Vol. 20, No. 22
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Cell Signaling Switches HOX-PBX Complexes from
Repressors to Activators of Transcription Mediated by Histone
Deacetylases and Histone Acetyltransferases
Maya
Saleh,1,2
Isabel
Rambaldi,1
Xiang-Jiao
Yang,3 and
Mark S.
Featherstone1,2,4,*
McGill Cancer Centre,1
Department of Biochemistry,2
Molecular Oncology Group, Department of
Medicine,3 and Department of
Oncology,4 McGill University, Montréal,
Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6
Received 26 June 2000/Returned for modification 19 July
2000/Accepted 18 August 2000
The Hoxb1 autoregulatory element comprises three
HOX-PBX binding sites. Despite the presence of HOXB1 and PBX1, this
enhancer fails to activate reporter gene expression in retinoic
acid-treated P19 cell monolayers. Activation requires cell aggregation
in addition to RA. This suggests that HOX-PBX complexes may repress
transcription under some conditions. Consistent with this, multimerized
HOX-PBX binding sites repress reporter gene expression in HEK293 cells. We provide a mechanistic basis for repressor function by demonstrating that a corepressor complex, including histone deacetylases (HDACs) 1 and 3, mSIN3B, and N-CoR/SMRT, interacts with PBX1A. We map a site of
interaction with HDAC1 to the PBX1 N terminus and show that the PBX
partner is required for repression by the HOX-PBX complex. Treatment
with the deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A not only relieves
repression but also converts the HOX-PBX complex to a net activator of
transcription. We show that this activation function is mediated by the
recruitment of the coactivator CREB-binding protein by the HOX partner.
Interestingly, HOX-PBX complexes are switched from transcriptional
repressors to activators in response to protein kinase A signaling or
cell aggregation. Together, our results suggest a model whereby the
HOX-PBX complex can act as a repressor or activator of transcription
via association with corepressors and coactivators. The model implies
that cell signaling is a direct determinant of HOX-PBX function in the
patterning of the animal embryo.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: McGill Cancer
Centre, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Sciences Bldg., Rm. 714, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6.
Phone: (514) 398-8937. Fax: (514) 398-6769. E-mail:
mfeather{at}med.mcgill.ca.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 2000, p. 8623-8633, Vol. 20, No. 22
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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