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Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 2000, p. 1095-1103, Vol. 20, No. 4
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Kinetics of Ribosomal Pausing during Programmed -1 Translational Frameshifting

John D. Lopinski,1 Jonathan D. Dinman,2 and Jeremy A. Bruenn1,3,*

Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 142601; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The Graduate Programs in Molecular Bioscience Rutgers/UMDNJ, and Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 088542; and Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, New York 142033

Received 9 August 1999/Returned for modification 21 September 1999/Accepted 16 November 1999

In the Saccharomyces cerevisiae double-stranded RNA virus, programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting is responsible for translation of the second open reading frame of the essential viral RNA. A typical slippery site and downstream pseudoknot are necessary for this frameshifting event, and previous work has demonstrated that ribosomes pause over the slippery site. The translational intermediate associated with a ribosome paused at this position is detected, and, using in vitro translation and quantitative heelprinting, the rates of synthesis, the ribosomal pause time, the proportion of ribosomes paused at the slippery site, and the fraction of paused ribosomes that frameshift are estimated. About 10% of ribosomes pause at the slippery site in vitro, and some 60% of these continue in the -1 frame. Ribosomes that continue in the -1 frame pause about 10 times longer than it takes to complete a peptide bond in vitro. Altering the rate of translational initiation alters the rate of frameshifting in vivo. Our in vitro and in vivo experiments can best be interpreted to mean that there are three methods by which ribosomes pass the frameshift site, only one of which results in frameshifting.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260. Phone: (716) 645-2868. Fax: (716) 645-3776. E-mail: cambruen{at}nsm.buffalo.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 2000, p. 1095-1103, Vol. 20, No. 4
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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