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Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2001, p. 3558-3563, Vol. 21, No. 10
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.10.3558-3563.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Role of DNA Polymerase
in the Bypass of a (6-4)
TT Photoproduct
Robert E.
Johnson,
Lajos
Haracska,
Satya
Prakash, and
Louise
Prakash*
Sealy Center for Molecular Science,
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1061
Received 10 January 2001/Returned for modification 14 February
2001/Accepted 20 February 2001
UV light-induced DNA lesions block the normal replication
machinery. Eukaryotic cells possess DNA polymerase
(Pol
), which has the ability to replicate past a cis-syn thymine-thymine
(TT) dimer efficiently and accurately, and mutations in human Pol
result in the cancer-prone syndrome, the variant form of xeroderma pigmentosum. Here, we test Pol
for its ability to bypass a (6-4) TT
lesion which distorts the DNA helix to a much greater extent than a
cis-syn TT dimer. Opposite the 3' T of a (6-4) TT
photoproduct, both yeast and human Pol
preferentially insert a G
residue, but they are unable to extend from the inserted nucleotide.
DNA Pol
, essential for UV induced mutagenesis, efficiently extends
from the G residue inserted opposite the 3' T of the (6-4) TT lesion by
Pol
, and Pol
inserts the correct nucleotide A opposite the 5' T
of the lesion. Thus, the efficient bypass of the (6-4) TT photoproduct
is achieved by the combined action of Pol
and Pol
, wherein Pol
inserts a nucleotide opposite the 3' T of the lesion and Pol
extends
from it. These biochemical observations are in concert with genetic
studies in yeast indicating that mutations occur predominantly at the
3' T of the (6-4) TT photoproduct and that these mutations frequently
exhibit a 3' T
C change that would result from the insertion of a G
opposite the 3' T of the (6-4) TT lesion.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Sealy Center for
Molecular Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, 6.104 Medical Research Building, 11th & Mechanic St., Galveston, TX 77555-1061. Phone: (409) 747-8601. Fax: (409) 747-8608. E-mail:
lprakash{at}scms.utmb.edu.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2001, p. 3558-3563, Vol. 21, No. 10
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.10.3558-3563.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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