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Molecular and Cellular Biology, June 2001, p. 3738-3749, Vol. 21, No. 11
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.11.3738-3749.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
PGC-1-Related Coactivator, a Novel, Serum-Inducible
Coactivator of Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1-Dependent Transcription
in Mammalian Cells
Ulf
Andersson and
Richard C.
Scarpulla*
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology,
Northwestern Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
Received 9 November 2000/Returned for modification 8 January
2001/Accepted 14 March 2001
The thermogenic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
(PPAR-
) coactivator 1 (PGC-1) has previously been shown to activate mitochondrial biogenesis in part through a direct interaction with
nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1). In order to identify related
coactivators that act through NRF-1, we searched the databases for
sequences with similarities to PGC-1. Here, we describe the first
characterization of a 177-kDa transcriptional coactivator, designated
PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC). PRC is ubiquitously expressed in
murine and human tissues and cell lines; but unlike PGC-1, PRC was not
dramatically up-regulated during thermogenesis in brown fat. However,
its expression was down-regulated in quiescent BALB/3T3 cells and was
rapidly induced by reintroduction of serum, conditions where PGC-1 was
not detected. PRC activated NRF-1-dependent promoters in a manner
similar to that observed for PGC-1. Moreover, NRF-1 was
immunoprecipitated from cell extracts by antibodies directed against
PRC, and both proteins were colocalized to the nucleoplasm by confocal
laser scanning microscopy. PRC interacts in vitro with the NRF-1 DNA
binding domain through two distinct recognition motifs that are
separated by an unstructured proline-rich region. PRC also contains a
potent transcriptional activation domain in its amino terminus adjacent
to an LXXLL motif. The spatial arrangement of these functional domains
coincides with those found in PGC-1, supporting the conclusion that PRC
and PGC-1 are structurally and functionally related. We conclude that
PRC is a functional relative of PGC-1 that operates through NRF-1 and
possibly other activators in response to proliferative signals.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 East Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611. Phone: (312) 503-2946. Fax: (312)
503-0798. E-mail: rsc248{at}northwestern.edu.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, June 2001, p. 3738-3749, Vol. 21, No. 11
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.11.3738-3749.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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