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Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 2001, p. 4761-4772, Vol. 21, No. 14
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.14.4761-4772.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Functional Interference between Thyroid Hormone
Receptor
(TR
) and Natural Truncated TR
Isoforms in the
Control of Intestine Development
Michelina
Plateroti,1
Karine
Gauthier,1
Claire
Domon-Dell,2
Jean-Noël
Freund,2
Jacques
Samarut,1,* and
Olivier
Chassande1
Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et
Cellulaire de l'ENS de Lyon, UMR 5665 CNRS, LA 913 INRA, 69364 Lyon
Cedex 07,1 and INSERM U.381, 67200 Strasbourg,2 France
Received 27 November 2000/Returned for modification 13 February
2001/Accepted 15 April 2001
Thyroid hormone is known to participate in the control of intestine
maturation at weaning. Its action is mediated by the thyroid hormone
nuclear receptors, encoded by the TR
and
TR
genes. Since previous studies have shown that
TR
plays a minor role in the gut, we focused here our
analysis on the TR
gene. The TR
locus generates the TR
1 receptor together with the splicing variant TR
2
and the truncated products TR
1 and TR
2, which all lack an
intact ligand binding domain. The TR
isoforms are transcribed from an internal promoter located in intron 7, and their distribution is restricted to a few tissues including those of the intestine. In
order to define the functions of the different isoforms encoded by the
TR
locus in the intestinal mucosa, we produced mice
either lacking all known TR
products or harboring a mutation which
inactivates the intronic promoter. We performed a detailed analysis of
the intestinal phenotypes in these mice and compared it to that of the
previously described TR
/
mice, in which TR
isoforms are abolished but the TR
isoforms remain. This
comparative analysis leads us to the following conclusions: (i) the
TR
1 receptor mediates the T3-dependent functions in the intestine at
weaning time and (ii) the TR
products negatively control the
responsiveness of the epithelial cells to T3. Moreover, we show that
TR
proteins can interfere with the transcription of the
intestine-specific homeobox genes cdx1 and cdx2
and that their activity is regulated by TR
1. Altogether these data
demonstrate that cooperation of TR
and TR
products is
essential to ensure the normal postnatal development of the intestine
and that mutations in the TR
locus can generate
different phenotypes caused by the disruption of the equilibrium
between these products.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de
Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de l'ENS de Lyon, UMR 5665 CNRS, LA 913 INRA, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France. Phone: 33 4 72 72 81 71. Fax: 33 4 72 72 85 36. E-mail:
Jacques.Samarut{at}ens-lyon.Fr.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 2001, p. 4761-4772, Vol. 21, No. 14
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.14.4761-4772.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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