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Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 2001, p. 7345-7354, Vol. 21, No. 21
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.21.7345-7354.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Calmodulin Binds to K-Ras, but Not to H- or N-Ras, and Modulates Its Downstream Signaling

Priam Villalonga,1 Cristina López-Alcalá,1 Marta Bosch,2 Antonio Chiloeches,2 Nativitat Rocamora,3 Joan Gil,4 Richard Marais,2 Christopher J. Marshall,2 Oriol Bachs,1 and Neus Agell1,*

Departament de Biologia Cellular i Anatomia Patològica, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona,1 Institut Català d'Oncologia3 and Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona,4 08907 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain, and CRC Center for Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom2

Received 20 February 2001/Returned for modification 23 March 2001/Accepted 27 July 2001

Activation of Ras induces a variety of cellular responses depending on the specific effector activated and the intensity and amplitude of this activation. We have previously shown that calmodulin is an essential molecule in the down-regulation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/extracellularly regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in cultured fibroblasts and that this is due at least in part to an inhibitory effect of calmodulin on Ras activation. Here we show that inhibition of calmodulin synergizes with diverse stimuli (epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, bombesin, or fetal bovine serum) to induce ERK activation. Moreover, even in the absence of any added stimuli, activation of Ras by calmodulin inhibition was observed. To identify the calmodulin-binding protein involved in this process, calmodulin affinity chromatography was performed. We show that Ras and Raf from cellular lysates were able to bind to calmodulin. Furthermore, Ras binding to calmodulin was favored in lysates with large amounts of GTP-bound Ras, and it was Raf independent. Interestingly, only one of the Ras isoforms, K-RasB, was able to bind to calmodulin. Furthermore, calmodulin inhibition preferentially activated K-Ras. Interaction between calmodulin and K-RasB is direct and is inhibited by the calmodulin kinase II calmodulin-binding domain. Thus, GTP-bound K-RasB is a calmodulin-binding protein, and we suggest that this binding may be a key element in the modulation of Ras signaling.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Dept. Biologia Cellular, Fac. Medicina, U. Barcelona, C/Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. Phone: 34 934035267. Fax: 34 934021907. E-mail: agell{at}medicina.ub.es.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 2001, p. 7345-7354, Vol. 21, No. 21
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.21.7345-7354.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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