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Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 2001, p. 1207-1217, Vol. 21, No. 4
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.4.1207-1217.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Wild-Type Circadian Rhythmicity Is Dependent on Closely Spaced E Boxes in the Drosophila timeless Promoter

Michael J. McDonald,1 Michael Rosbash,*,1,2 and Patrick Emery1,2

Department of Biology, National Science Foundation Center for Biological Timing,1 and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University,2 Waltham, Massachusetts 02454

Received 3 October 2000/Returned for modification 7 November 2000/Accepted 15 November 2000

Transcriptional regulation plays an important role in Drosophila melanogaster circadian rhythms. The period promoter has been well studied, but the timeless promoter has not been analyzed in detail. Mutagenesis of the canonical E box in the timeless promoter reduces but does not eliminate timeless mRNA cycling or locomotor activity rhythms. This is because there are at least two other cis-acting elements close to the canonical E box, which can also be transactivated by the circadian transcription factor dCLOCK. These E-box-like sequences cooperate with the canonical E-box element to promote high-amplitude transcription, which is necessary for wild-type rhythmicity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454. Phone: (781) 736-3160. Fax: (781) 736-3164. E-mail: rosbash{at}brandeis.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 2001, p. 1207-1217, Vol. 21, No. 4
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.4.1207-1217.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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