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Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 2001, p. 1249-1259, Vol. 21, No. 4
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.4.1249-1259.2001
Gadd153 Sensitizes Cells to Endoplasmic Reticulum
Stress by Down-Regulating Bcl2 and Perturbing the Cellular Redox
State
Karen D.
McCullough,1
Jennifer L.
Martindale,1
Lars-Oliver
Klotz,1
Tak-Yee
Aw,2,
and
Nikki J.
Holbrook1,*
Cell Stress and Aging Section, Laboratory of
Biological Chemistry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes
of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224-6825,1 and
Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana
State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University,
Shreveport, Louisiana 711302
Received 15 May 2000/Returned for modification 21 June
2000/Accepted 14 November 2000
gadd153, also known as chop, is a highly
stress-inducible gene that is robustly expressed following disruption
of homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (so-called ER stress).
Although all reported types of ER stress induce expression of Gadd153, its role in the stress response has remained largely undefined. Several
studies have correlated Gadd153 expression with cell death, but a
mechanistic link between Gadd153 and apoptosis has never been
demonstrated. To address this issue we employed a cell model system in
which Gadd153 is constitutively overexpressed, as well as two cell
lines in which Gadd153 expression is conditional. In all cell lines,
overexpression of Gadd153 sensitized cells to ER stress. Investigation
of the mechanisms contributing to this effect revealed that elevated
Gadd153 expression results in the down-regulation of Bcl2 expression,
depletion of cellular glutathione, and exaggerated production of
reactive oxygen species. Restoration of Bcl2 expression in
Gadd153-overexpressing cells led to replenishment of glutathione and a
reduction in levels of reactive oxygen species, and it protected cells
from ER stress-induced cell death. We conclude that Gadd153 sensitizes
cells to ER stress through mechanisms that involve down-regulation of
Bcl2 and enhanced oxidant injury.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of
Biological Chemistry, 5600 Nathan Shock Dr., Baltimore, MD 21224. Phone: (410) 558-8446. Fax: (410) 558-8386. E-mail:
nikki-holbrook{at}nih.gov.

Present address: Institut fur Physiologische Chemie I,
Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf,
Germany.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 2001, p. 1249-1259, Vol. 21, No. 4
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.4.1249-1259.2001
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Baetz, D., Regula, K. M., Ens, K., Shaw, J., Kothari, S., Yurkova, N., Kirshenbaum, L. A.
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Skalet, A. H., Isler, J. A., King, L. B., Harding, H. P., Ron, D., Monroe, J. G.
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Feldman, D. E., Chauhan, V., Koong, A. C.
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Ueda, K., Kawano, J., Takeda, K., Yujiri, T., Tanabe, K., Anno, T., Akiyama, M., Nozaki, J., Yoshinaga, T., Koizumi, A., Shinoda, K., Oka, Y., Tanizawa, Y.
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Han, X.-J., Chae, J.-K., Lee, M.-J., You, K.-R., Lee, B.-H., Kim, D.-G.
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Hong, J., Yokomakura, A., Nakano, Y., Ban, H. S., Ishihara, K., Ahn, J.-W., Zee, O., Ohuchi, K.
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Liu, X.-m., Peyton, K. J., Ensenat, D., Wang, H., Schafer, A. I., Alam, J., Durante, W.
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Marciniak, S. J., Yun, C. Y., Oyadomari, S., Novoa, I., Zhang, Y., Jungreis, R., Nagata, K., Harding, H. P., Ron, D.
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Okada, K.-i., Minamino, T., Tsukamoto, Y., Liao, Y., Tsukamoto, O., Takashima, S., Hirata, A., Fujita, M., Nagamachi, Y., Nakatani, T., Yutani, C., Ozawa, K., Ogawa, S., Tomoike, H., Hori, M., Kitakaze, M.
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Dimcheff, D. E., Faasse, M. A., McAtee, F. J., Portis, J. L.
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Chen, C., Dudenhausen, E. E., Pan, Y.-X., Zhong, C., Kilberg, M. S.
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Sun, M., Rothermel, T. A., Shuman, L., Aligo, J. A., Xu, S., Lin, Y., Lamb, R. A., He, B.
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Cullinan, S. B., Diehl, J. A.
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Ma, Y., Hendershot, L. M.
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