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Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2001, p. 3244-3255, Vol. 21, No. 9
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.9.3244-3255.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Control of Spermatogenesis in Mice by the Cyclin
D-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors p18Ink4c and
p19Ink4d
Frederique
Zindy,1
Willem
den Besten,1
Bo
Chen,2
Jerold E.
Rehg,3
Esther
Latres,4
Mariano
Barbacid,5
Jeffrey W.
Pollard,2
Charles J.
Sherr,1,6
Paula E.
Cohen,2,
and
Martine
F.
Roussel1,*
Departments of Tumor Cell
Biology1 and
Pathology3 and Howard Hughes
Medical Institute,6 St. Jude Children's
Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; Department of
Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, New York 104612;
Department of Pathology, New York University School of
Medicine, New York, New York 100164; and
Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas Carlos III,
Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain5
Received 14 November 2000/Returned for modification 14 December
2000/Accepted 13 February 2001
Male mice lacking both the Ink4c and Ink4d
genes, which encode two inhibitors of D-type cyclin-dependent kinases
(Cdks), are infertile, whereas female fecundity is unaffected. Both
p18Ink4c and p19Ink4d are expressed in the
seminiferous tubules of postnatal wild-type mice, being largely
confined to postmitotic spermatocytes undergoing meiosis. Their
combined loss is associated with the delayed exit of spermatogonia from
the mitotic cell cycle, leading to the retarded appearance of meiotic
cells that do not properly differentiate and instead undergo apoptosis
at an increased frequency. As a result, mice lacking both
Ink4c and Ink4d produce few mature sperm, and
the residual spermatozoa have reduced motility and decreased viability.
Whether or not Ink4d is present, animals lacking
Ink4c develop hyperplasia of interstitial testicular Leydig
cells, which produce reduced levels of testosterone. The anterior
pituitary of fertile mice lacking Ink4c or infertile mice
doubly deficient for Ink4c and Ink4d produces
normal levels of luteinizing hormone (LH). Therefore, the failure of
Leydig cells to produce testosterone is not secondary to defects in LH
production, and reduced testosterone levels do not account for
infertility in the doubly deficient strain. By contrast,
Ink4d-null or double-null mice produce elevated levels of
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Because Ink4d-null mice
are fertile, increased FSH production by the anterior pituitary is also
unlikely to contribute to the sterility observed in
Ink4c/Ink4d double-null males. Our data indicate that
p18Ink4c and p19Ink4d are essential for male
fertility. These two Cdk inhibitors collaborate in regulating
spermatogenesis, helping to ensure mitotic exit and the normal meiotic
maturation of spermatocytes.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105. Phone: (901) 495-3481. Fax: (901)
495-2381. E-mail: martine.roussel{at}stjude.org.

Present address: Department of Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
10461.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2001, p. 3244-3255, Vol. 21, No. 9
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.9.3244-3255.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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