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Molecular and Cellular Biology, June 2002, p. 3621-3632, Vol. 22, No. 11
0270-7306/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.22.11.3621-3632.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Synergy among Nuclear Receptor Coactivators: Selective Requirement for Protein Methyltransferase and Acetyltransferase Activities

Young-Ho Lee,1 Stephen S. Koh,2 Xing Zhang,3 Xiaodong Cheng,3 and Michael R. Stallcup1,2*

Departments of Pathology,2 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089,1 Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 303223

Received 14 September 2001/ Returned for modification 12 November 2001/ Accepted 25 February 2002

Hormone-activated nuclear receptors (NR) bind to specific regulatory DNA elements associated with their target genes and recruit coactivator proteins to remodel chromatin structure, recruit RNA polymerase, and activate transcription. The p160 coactivators (e.g., SRC-1, GRIP1, and ACTR) bind directly to activated NR and can recruit a variety of secondary coactivators. We have established a transient-transfection assay system under which the activity of various NR is highly or completely dependent on synergistic cooperation among three classes of coactivators: a p160 coactivator, the protein methyltransferase CARM1, and any of the three protein acetyltransferases, p300, CBP, or p/CAF. The three-coactivator functional synergy was only observed when low levels of NR were expressed and was highly or completely dependent on the methyltransferase activity of CARM1 and the acetyltransferase activity of p/CAF, but not the acetyltransferase activity of p300. Other members of the protein arginine methyltransferase family, which methylate different protein substrates than CARM1, could not substitute for CARM1 to act synergistically with p300 or p/CAF. A ternary complex of GRIP1, CARM1, and p300 or CBP was demonstrated in cultured mammalian cells, supporting a physiological role for the observed synergy. The transfection assay described here is a valuable new tool for investigating the mechanism of coactivator function and demonstrates the importance of multiple coactivators, including CARM1 and its specific protein methyltransferase activity, in transcriptional activation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathology, HMR 301, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089-9092. Phone: (323) 442-1289. Fax: (323) 442-3049. E-mail: stallcup{at}usc.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, June 2002, p. 3621-3632, Vol. 22, No. 11
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.22.11.3621-3632.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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