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Molecular and Cellular Biology, August 2002, p. 5308-5318, Vol. 22, No. 15
0270-7306/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.22.15.5308-5318.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

E2F1 Induces Phosphorylation of p53 That Is Coincident with p53 Accumulation and Apoptosis

Harry A. Rogoff,1 Mary T. Pickering,2 Michelle E. Debatis,2 Stephen Jones,3 and Timothy F. Kowalik1,2*

Program in Immunology and Virology,1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology,2 Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 016553

Received 29 October 2001/ Returned for modification 10 December 2001/ Accepted 26 April 2002

It has been proposed that the E2F1 transcription factor serves as a link between the Rb/E2F proliferation pathway and the p53 apoptosis pathway by inducing the expression of p19ARF, a protein that regulates p53 stability. We find that although p19ARF contributes to p53 accumulation in response to E2F expression, p19ARF is not required for E2F1-mediated apoptosis. E2F1 can signal p53 phosphorylation in the absence of p19ARF, similar to the observed modifications to p53 in response to DNA damage. These modifications are not observed in the absence of p19ARF following expression of E2F2, an E2F family member that does not induce apoptosis in mouse embryo fibroblasts but can induce p19ARF and p53 protein expression. p53 modification is found to be crucial for E2F1-mediated apoptosis, and this apoptosis is compromised when E2F1 is coexpressed with a p53 mutant lacking many N- and C-terminal phosphorylation sites. Additionally, E2F1-mediated apoptosis is abolished in the presence of caffeine, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases that phosphorylate p53. These findings suggest that p53 phosphorylation is a key step in E2F1-mediated apoptosis and that this modification can occur in the absence of p19ARF.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Room S5-710, 55 Lake Ave. N., Worcester, MA 01655. Phone: (508) 856-6035. Fax: (508) 856-5920. E-mail: timothy.kowalik{at}umassmed.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, August 2002, p. 5308-5318, Vol. 22, No. 15
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.22.15.5308-5318.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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