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Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 2002, p. 6681-6688, Vol. 22, No. 19
0270-7306/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.22.19.6681-6688.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The GCN2 eIF2{alpha} Kinase Is Required for Adaptation to Amino Acid Deprivation in Mice

Peichuan Zhang,1,2 Barbara C. McGrath,1 Jamie Reinert,1 DeAnne S. Olsen,2 Li Lei,2 Sangeeta Gill,2 Sheree A. Wek,3 Krishna M. Vattem,3 Ronald C. Wek,3 Scot R. Kimball,4 Leonard S. Jefferson,4 and Douglas R. Cavener1,2*

Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033,4 Department of Molecular Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 27235,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 462023

Received 15 May 2002/ Returned for modification 7 June 2002/ Accepted 20 June 2002

The GCN2 eIF2{alpha} kinase is essential for activation of the general amino acid control pathway in yeast when one or more amino acids become limiting for growth. GCN2's function in mammals is unknown, but must differ, since mammals, unlike yeast, can synthesize only half of the standard 20 amino acids. To investigate the function of mammalian GCN2, we have generated a Gcn2-/- knockout strain of mice. Gcn2-/- mice are viable, fertile, and exhibit no phenotypic abnormalities under standard growth conditions. However, prenatal and neonatal mortalities are significantly increased in Gcn2-/- mice whose mothers were reared on leucine-, tryptophan-, or glycine-deficient diets during gestation. Leucine deprivation produced the most pronounced effect, with a 63% reduction in the expected number of viable neonatal mice. Cultured embryonic stem cells derived from Gcn2-/- mice failed to show the normal induction of eIF2{alpha} phosphorylation in cells deprived of leucine. To assess the biochemical effects of the loss of GCN2 in the whole animal, liver perfusion experiments were conducted. Histidine limitation in the presence of histidinol induced a twofold increase in the phosphorylation of eIF2{alpha} and a concomitant reduction in eIF2B activity in perfused livers from wild-type mice, but no changes in livers from Gcn2-/- mice.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802. Phone: (814) 865-9790. Fax: (814) 865-6193. E-mail: drc9{at}psu.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 2002, p. 6681-6688, Vol. 22, No. 19
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.22.19.6681-6688.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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