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Molecular and Cellular Biology, June 2004, p. 4696-4709, Vol. 24, No. 11
0270-7306/04/$08.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.11.4696-4709.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
An Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1- and 2-Dependent Program of Chromatin Trafficking of c-Fos and Fra-1 Is Required for Cyclin D1 Expression during Cell Cycle Reentry
Peter M. Burch,1,2 Ziqiang Yuan,1 Anne Loonen,1 and Nicholas H. Heintz1,2*
Department of Pathology,1
Environmental Pathology Program, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 054052
Received 5 January 2004/
Returned for modification 31 January 2004/
Accepted 4 March 2004
Mitogens activate cell signaling and gene expression cascades that culminate in expression of cyclin D1 during the G0-to-G1 transition of the cell cycle. Using cell cycle arrest in response to oxidative stress, we have delineated a dynamic program of chromatin trafficking of c-Fos and Fra-1 required for cyclin D1 expression during cell cycle reentry. In serum-stimulated lung epithelial cells, c-Fos was expressed, recruited to chromatin, phosphorylated at extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1- and 2 (ERK1,2)-dependent sites, and degraded prior to prolonged recruitment of Fra-1 to chromatin. Immunostaining showed that expression of nuclear c-Fos and that of cyclin D1 are mutually exclusive, whereas nuclear Fra-1 and cyclin D1 are coexpressed as cells traverse G1. Oxidative stress prolonged the accumulation of phospho-ERK1,2 and phospho-c-Fos on chromatin, inhibited entry of Fra-1 into the nucleus, and blocked cyclin D1 expression. After induction of the immediate-early gene response in the presence of oxidative stress, inhibition of ERK1,2 signaling promoted degradation of c-Fos, recruitment of Fra-1 to chromatin, and expression of cyclin D1. Our data indicate that termination of nuclear ERK1,2 signaling is required for an exchange of Fra-1 for c-Fos on chromatin and initiation of cyclin D1 expression at the G0-to-G1 transition of the cell cycle.
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathology, Vermont Cancer Center, HSRF 328, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Ave., Burlington, VT 05405. Phone: (802) 656-0372. Fax: (802) 656-8892. E-mail:
Nicholas.Heintz{at}uvm.edu.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, June 2004, p. 4696-4709, Vol. 24, No. 11
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.11.4696-4709.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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