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Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 2004, p. 1081-1095, Vol. 24, No. 3
0270-7306/04/$08.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.3.1081-1095.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 2 Interacts with and Is Negatively Regulated by the LIM-Only Protein FHL2 in Cardiomyocytes
Nicole H. Purcell,1 Dina Darwis,1 Orlando F. Bueno,1 Judith M. Müller,2 Roland Schüle,2 and Jeffery D. Molkentin1*
Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039,1
Universitäts-Frauenklink und Zentrum für Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Universität Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany2
Received 3 July 2003/
Returned for modification 13 August 2003/
Accepted 29 October 2003
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway regulates diverse biologic functions including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) constitute one branch of the MAPK pathway that has been implicated in the regulation of cardiac differentiated growth, although the downstream mechanisms whereby ERK signaling affects this process are not well characterized. Here we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen with ERK2 bait and a cardiac cDNA library to identify novel proteins involved in regulating ERK signaling in cardiomyocytes. This screen identified the LIM-only factor FHL2 as an ERK interacting protein in both yeast and mammalian cells. In vivo, FHL2 and ERK2 colocalized in the cytoplasm at the level of the Z-line, and interestingly, FHL2 interacted more efficiently with the activated form of ERK2 than with the dephosphorylated form. ERK2 also interacted with FHL1 and FHL3 but not with the muscle LIM protein. Moreover, at least two LIM domains in FHL2 were required to mediate efficient interaction with ERK2. The interaction between ERK2 and FHL2 did not influence ERK1/2 activation, nor was FHL2 directly phosphorylated by ERK2. However, FHL2 inhibited the ability of activated ERK2 to reside within the nucleus, thus blocking ERK-dependent transcriptional responsiveness of ELK-1, GATA4, and the atrial natriuretic factor promoter. Finally, FHL2 partially antagonized the cardiac hypertrophic response induced by activated MEK-1, GATA4, and phenylephrine agonist stimulation. Collectively, these results suggest that FHL2 serves a repressor function in cardiomyocytes through its ability to inhibit ERK1/2 transcriptional coupling.
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039. Phone: (513) 636-4809. Fax: (513) 636-5958. E-mail:
jeff.molkentin{at}cchmc.org.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 2004, p. 1081-1095, Vol. 24, No. 3
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.3.1081-1095.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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