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Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 2005, p. 5339-5354, Vol. 25, No. 13
0270-7306/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.25.13.5339-5354.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Subunits of the Heterotrimeric Transcription Factor NF-Y Are Imported into the Nucleus by Distinct Pathways Involving Importin ß and Importin 13

Joerg Kahle, Matthias Baake, Detlef Doenecke,* and Werner Albig

Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, Abteilung Molekularbiologie, Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany

Received 7 December 2004/ Returned for modification 5 January 2005/ Accepted 5 April 2005

The transcriptional activator NF-Y is a heterotrimeric complex composed of NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC, which specifically binds the CCAAT consensus present in about 30% of eukaryotic promoters. All three subunits contain evolutionarily conserved core regions, which comprise a histone fold motif (HFM) in the case of NF-YB and NF-YC. Our results of in vitro binding studies and nuclear import assays reveal two different transport mechanisms for NF-Y subunits. While NF-YA is imported by an importin ß-mediated pathway, the NF-YB/NF-YC heterodimer is translocated into the nucleus in an importin 13-dependent manner. We define a nonclassical nuclear localization signal (ncNLS) in NF-YA, and mutational analysis indicates that positively charged amino acid residues in the ncNLS are required for nuclear targeting of NF-YA. Importin ß binding is restricted to the monomeric, uncomplexed NF-YA subunit. In contrast, the nuclear import of NF-YB and NF-YC requires dimer formation. Only the NF-YB/NF-YC dimer, but not the monomeric components, are recognized by importin 13 and are imported into the nucleus. Importin 13 competes with NF-YA for binding to the NF-YB/NF-YC dimer. Our data suggest that a distinct binding platform derived from the HFM of both subunits, NF-YB/NF-YC, mediates those interactions.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, Abteilung Molekularbiologie, Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. Phone: 49-551-395972. Fax: 49-551-395960. E-mail: ddoenec{at}gwdg.de.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 2005, p. 5339-5354, Vol. 25, No. 13
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.25.13.5339-5354.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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