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Molecular and Cellular Biology, December 2005, p. 10454-10464, Vol. 25, No. 23
0270-7306/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.25.23.10454-10464.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Generation and Characterization of p38ß (MAPK11) Gene-Targeted Mice

Victoria A. Beardmore,1 Heather J. Hinton,2 Christina Eftychi,4 Maria Apostolaki,4 Maria Armaka,4 Joanne Darragh,1 Joanne McIlrath,1 Julia M. Carr,1 Laura J. Armit,3 Carol Clacher,3 Loraine Malone,3 George Kollias,4 and J. Simon C. Arthur1*

MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 5EH, United Kingdom,1 Division of Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 5EH, United Kingdom,2 School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 5EH, United Kingdom,3 Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre Al. Fleming, Vari 162-72, Greece4

Received 27 July 2005/ Accepted 23 August 2005

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated primarily in response to inflammatory cytokines and cellular stress, and inhibitors which target the p38{alpha} and p38ß MAPKs have shown potential for the treatment of inflammatory disease. Here we report the generation and initial characterization of a knockout of the p38ß (MAPK11) gene. p38ß–/– mice were viable and exhibited no apparent health problems. The expression and activation of p38{alpha}, ERK1/2, and JNK in response to cellular stress was normal in embryonic fibroblasts from p38ß–/– mice, as was the activation of p38-activated kinases MAPKAP-K2 and MSK1. The transcription of p38-dependent immediate-early genes was also not affected by the knockout of p38ß, suggesting that p38{alpha} is the predominant isoform involved in these processes. The p38ß–/– mice also showed normal T-cell development. Lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production was also normal in the p38ß–/– mice. As p38 is activated by tumor necrosis factor, the p38ß–/– mice were crossed onto a TNF{Delta}ARE mouse line. These mice overexpress tumor necrosis factor, which results in development symptoms similar to rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. The progression of these diseases was not however moderated by knockout of p38ß. Together these results suggest that p38{alpha}, and not p38ß, is the major p38 isoform involved in the immune response and that it would not be necessary to retain activity against p38ß during the development of p38 inhibitors.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 5EH, United Kingdom. Phone: (0)1382 344003. Fax: (0)1382 223778. E-mail: j.s.c.Arthur{at}dundee.ac.uk.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, December 2005, p. 10454-10464, Vol. 25, No. 23
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/MCB.25.23.10454-10464.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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